State

Byzantine Empire

Roman Empire during Late Antiquity and the Middle Ages

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This boundary
285–1453 CE
Founded
285 CE
Ended
1453
Capital
Constantinople
Government
absolute monarchy, Dominate
Languages
medieval Latin, medieval Greek
Religion
Eastern Orthodoxy
Preceded by
Roman EmpireWestern Roman EmpireLatin EmpireSasanian Iberia
Succeeded by
Emirate of CreteOttoman EmpireDuchy of BresciaMaona of Chios and PhocaeaLatin Empire

Overview

The Byzantine Empire, also known as the Eastern Roman Empire, was the continuation of the Roman Empire centred on Constantinople during late antiquity and the Middle Ages. Having survived the fall of the Western Roman Empire in the 5th century AD, it endured until the fall of Constantinople to the Ottoman Empire in 1453. The term 'Byzantine Empire' was coined only after its demise; its citizens used the term 'Roman Empire' and called themselves 'Romans'.

Excerpt from Wikipedia · CC BY-SA 4.0

All rulers (107)

  1. Constans337–350 CE
  2. Constantius II337–361 CE
  3. Jovian363–364 CE
  4. Valens364–378 CE
  5. Theodosius I379–395 CE
  6. Arcadius395–408 CE
  7. Theodosius II408–450 CE
  8. Aelia Eudocia421–450 CE
  9. PulcheriaRegent / co-ruler450–453 CE
  10. Marcian450–457 CE
  11. Verina457–474 CE
  12. Leo I457–474 CE
  13. Leo II474 CE
  14. Zeno474–475 CE
  15. Zenonis475–476 CE
  16. Basiliscus475–476 CE
  17. Zeno476–491 CE
  18. Anastasius I491–518 CE
  19. Justin I518–527 CE
  20. Theodora527–548 CE
  21. Justinian I527–565 CE
  22. Sophia565–578 CE
  23. Justin II565–574 CE
  24. Tiberius II Constantine574–582 CE
  25. Maurice582–602 CE
  26. Constantina582–602 CE
  27. Phocas602–610 CE
  28. Heraclius610–641 CE
  29. Heraclius Constantine641 CE
  30. Constans II641–668 CE
  31. Heraklonas641 CE
  32. Constantine IV654–685 CE
  33. Heraclius659–681 CE
  34. Justinian II685–695 CE
  35. Leontius695–698 CE
  36. Tiberios III698–705 CE
  37. Justinian II705–711 CE
  38. Philippikos Bardanes711–713 CE
  39. Anastasios II713–715 CE
  40. Theodosios III715–717 CE
  41. Leo III the Syrian717–741 CE
  42. Konstantinos V741–775 CE
  43. Leo IV the Khazar775–780 CE
  44. Konstantinos VI780–797 CE
  45. Irene of Athens797–802 CE
  46. Nikephoros I802–811 CE
  47. Stauracius811 CE
  48. Staurakios811–813 CE
  49. Michael I Rangabe811–813 CE
  50. Leo V the Armenian813–820 CE
  51. Michael II820–829 CE
  52. Theophilos829–842 CE
  53. Michael III842–867 CE
  54. Basil I867–886 CE
  55. Leo VI the Wise886–912 CE
  56. Alexander912–913 CE
  57. Konstantinos VII913–959 CE
  58. Romanos I Lekapenos920–944 CE
  59. Christopher Lekapenos921–931 CE
  60. Romanos II959–963 CE
  61. Nikephoros II Phokas963–969 CE
  62. John I Tzimiskes969–976 CE
  63. Basil II976–1025 CE
  64. Konstantinos VIII1025–1028
  65. Romanos III Argyros1028–1034
  66. Michael IV the Paphlagonian1034–1041
  67. Michael V Kalaphates1041–1042
  68. Konstantinos IX Monomachos1042–1055
  69. Theodora Porphyrogenita1042–1056
  70. Zoe Porphyrogenita1042–1055
  71. Michael VI Bringas1056–1057
  72. Isaac I Komnenos1057–1059
  73. Konstantinos X Doukas1059–1067
  74. Konstantios Doukas1060–1078
  75. Michael VII Doukas1067–1078
  76. Andronikos Doukas1068–1070
  77. Romanos IV Diogenes1068–1071
  78. Nikephoros III Botaneiates1078–1081
  79. Alexios I Komnenos1081–1118
  80. John II Komnenos1118–1143
  81. Manuel I Komnenos1143–1180
  82. Alexios II Komnenos1180–1183
  83. Andronikos I Komnenos1183–1185
  84. Isaac II Angelos1185–1195
  85. Alexios III Angelos1195–1203
  86. Isaac II Angelos1203–1204
  87. Alexios IV Angelos1203–1204
  88. Konstantinos Laskaris1204–1205
  89. Alexios V Doukas1204
  90. Nicholas Laskaris1208–1210
  91. John IV Laskaris1259–1262
  92. Michael VIII Palaiologos1261–1282
  93. Anna of Hungary1273–1281
  94. Andronikos II Palaiologos1282–1328
  95. Andronikos III Palaiologos1328–1341
  96. John V Palaiologos1341–1376
  97. John VI Kantakouzenos1347–1354
  98. Andronikos IV Palaiologos1376–1379
  99. John V Palaiologos1379–1390
  100. John VII Palaiologos1390
  101. John V Palaiologos1390–1391
  102. Manuel II Palaiologos1391–1425
  103. Irene Gattilusio1399–1408
  104. Andronikos V Palaiologos1403–1407
  105. Anna of Moscow1416–1417
  106. John VIII Palaiologos1425–1448
  107. Konstantinos XI Palaiologos1449–1453

Records (550)

  1. 376–382 CE — Gothic War of 376–382War
  2. 376 CE — Battle of MarcianopleBattle
  3. 394 CE — Battle of the FrigidusBattle
  4. 410 CE — Siege of RavennaSiege
  5. 421–422 CE — Roman–Sasanian WarWar
  6. 425 CE — Roman civil war of 425War
  7. 426–427 CE — Hunnic WarWar
  8. 429–435 CE — Vandal WarWar
  9. 439–442 CE — Vandal War (439-442)War
  10. 440 CE — Byzantine–Sasanian WarWar
  11. 443 CE — Battle of AsemusBattle · Rome ▸ Huns
  12. 443 CE — Battle of ConstantinopleBattle · Huns ▸ Rome
  13. 447 CE — Siege of AsemusSiege
  14. 447 CE — Battle of UtusBattle · Huns, Gepids, Goths ▸ Rome
  15. 461–468 CE — Vandal War (461-468)War
  16. 468 CE — Battle of Cape BonNaval battle
  17. 468 CE — Vandalic campaign of 468Campaign
  18. 473 CE — Siege of PhilippiSiege
  19. 477 CE — Battle of the UtusBattle
  20. 492–497 CE — Isaurian WarWar
  21. 492 CE — Battle of CotyaeumBattle
  22. 502–506 CE — Anastasian WarWar
  23. 502–503 CE — Siege of AmidaSiege
  24. 502 CE — Siege of TheodosiopolisSiege
  25. 502 CE — Siege of MartyropolisSiege
  26. 503 CE — Battle of ApadnaBattle · Sassanid Persia ▸ Byzantium
  27. 503 CE — Battle of EdessaBattle
  28. 505 CE — Battle of Horreum MargiBattle
  29. 507–511 CE — Franco-Gothic WarWar
  30. 513 CE — Battle of AcrisBattle
  31. 518–525 CE — Aksumite invasion of HimyarInvasion
  32. 526–532 CE — Iberian WarWar
  33. 528 CE — Battle of ThannurisBattle
  34. 528 CE — Battle of MindouosBattle
  35. 530 CE — Battle of DaraBattle
  36. 530 CE — Battle of SatalaBattle
  37. 531 CE — Battle of CallinicumBattle
  38. 531 CE — Siege of MartyropolisSiege
  39. 532 CE — Nika RiotsRebellion
  40. 532 CE — Eternal PeaceTreaty
  41. 532 CE — Battle of ConstantinopleBattle · Byzantium ▸ Byzantine Rebels
  42. 533–534 CE — Vandalic WarWar
  43. 533 CE — Battle of Ad DecimumBattle
  44. 533 CE — Battle of TricamarumBattle
  45. 533–548 CE — Moorish WarsWar
  46. 535–554 CE — Gothic War of 535–554War
  47. 535 CE — Siege of PanormusSiege
  48. 535 CE — Battle of ScardonBattle
  49. 535 CE — Byzantine campaign in the AurèsCampaign
  50. 536 CE — Siege of NaplesSiege
  51. 536 CE — Battle of the Bagradas RiverBattle
  52. 536 CE — Siege of CarthageSiege
  53. 537–538 CE — Siege of RomeSiege
  54. 538 CE — Siege of AriminumSiege
  55. 538 CE — Siege of UrbinusSiege
  56. 538–539 CE — Siege of MilanSiege
  57. 538 CE — Battle of PaviaBattle
  58. 539–540 CE — Siege of RavennaSiege
  59. 539 CE — Siege of AuximusSiege
  60. 539–540 CE — Aurès campaignCampaign
  61. 540 CE — Siege of AntiochSiege
  62. 540 CE — Battle of Antioch, SyriaBattle · Persia ▸ Byzantium
  63. 541–562 CE — Lazic WarWar
  64. 541 CE — Siege of VeronaSiege
  65. 541 CE — Battle of TrevisoBattle
  66. 541 CE — Battle of NisibisBattle
  67. 541 CE — Siege of SisauranonSiege
  68. 541 CE — Belisarius' invasion of MesopotamiaInvasion
  69. 542 CE — Battle of FaventiaBattle
  70. 542–543 CE — Siege of NaplesSiege
  71. 542 CE — Battle of MucelliumBattle
  72. 542 CE — Siege of SergiopolisSiege
  73. 543 CE — Battle of AnglonBattle
  74. 544 CE — Siege of EdessaSiege
  75. 547 CE — Battle of MartaBattle
  76. 548–549 CE — Siege of PetraSiege
  77. 548 CE — Siege of RossanoSiege
  78. 549–550 CE — Siege of RomeSiege
  79. 550–551 CE — Siege of PetraSiege
  80. 550 CE — Battle of the PhasisBattle
  81. 550 CE — Battle of the HippusBattle
  82. 551 CE — Battle of ArchaeopolisBattle
  83. 552 CE — Battle of TaginaeBattle
  84. 552 CE — Battle of Mons LactariusBattle
  85. 552–553 CE — Siege of CumaeSiege
  86. 553 CE — Mihr-Mihroe's campaign of 554Campaign
  87. 553 CE — Siege of UrviventusSiege
  88. 553 CE — Battle of Mount LactariusBattle · Rome ▸ Goths
  89. 554 CE — Battle of the VolturnusBattle
  90. 554 CE — Battle of CasilinumBattle · Byzantium ▸ Franks
  91. 555–556 CE — Siege of PhasisSiege
  92. 555 CE — Siege of OnogurisBattle
  93. 556 CE — Battle of TsakharBattle
  94. 559 CE — Battle of MelantiasBattle
  95. 559 CE — Battle by the Anastasian WallBattle
  96. 559 CE — Battle of MelanthiusBattle · Byzantium ▸ Bulgars, Slavs
  97. 567 CE — Lombard–Gepid WarWar
  98. 569–572 CE — Siege of PaviaSiege
  99. 569–571 CE — Perso-Turkic war of 569-571War
  100. 572–591 CE — Byzantine–Sassanid War of 572–591War
  101. 573 CE — Siege of DaraSiege
  102. 573 CE — Siege of NisibisSiege
  103. 573 CE — Battle of ApameaBattle
  104. 576 CE — Battle of MeliteneBattle
  105. 576–581 CE — Turkshad's campaign in CrimeaCampaign
  106. 577 CE — Tamkhusrau's Armenian CampaignCampaign
  107. 578–581 CE — Maurice's Sasanian CampaignsCampaign
  108. 580–582 CE — Siege of SirmiumSiege
  109. 581 CE — Battle of ConstantiaBattle
  110. 582–602 CE — Maurice's Balkan campaignsCampaign
  111. 582 CE — Battle of the Nymphios RiverBattle
  112. 586 CE — Comentiolus' Avar CampaignCampaign
  113. 586 CE — Battle of SolachonBattle · Byzantium ▸ Persia
  114. 586 CE — Battle of ThessalonicaBattle · Byzantium ▸ Slavic Tribes
  115. 588 CE — Battle of MartyropolisBattle
  116. 589–591 CE — Sasanian Civil War of 589–591War
  117. 589 CE — Battle of SisauranonBattle
  118. 589 CE — Battle of the AraxesBattle
  119. 591 CE — Battle of the BlarathonBattle
  120. 592 CE — Battle of the Paspirion RiverBattle
  121. 601 CE — Siege of PaduaSiege
  122. 602–628 CE — Byzantine–Sassanid War of 602–628War
  123. 603–610 CE — Sasanian invasion of ArmeniaInvasion
  124. 603 CE — Siege of CremonaSiege
  125. 604 CE — Battle of ElevardBattle
  126. 605 CE — Battle of ErginayBattle
  127. 605 CE — Battle of ArzamonBattle
  128. 608–610 CE — Heraclian RevoltRebellion
  129. 610 CE — Siege of EdessaSiege
  130. 611–612 CE — Siege of CaesareaSiege
  131. 611 CE — Battle of Antioch, SyriaBattle · Persia ▸ Byzantium
  132. 613 CE — Battle of AntiochBattle
  133. 614 CE — Sasanian conquest of JerusalemSiege
  134. 614 CE — Siege of Caesarea MaritimaSiege
  135. 614 CE — Battle of JerusalemBattle · Persia ▸ Byzantium
  136. 615 CE — Shahin's invasion of Asia MinorInvasion
  137. 615 CE — Battle of ThessalonicaBattle · Byzantium ▸ Slavs, Avars
  138. 618 CE — Battle of ThessalonicaBattle · Byzantium ▸ Slavs, Avars
  139. 622 CE — Battle of OphlimusBattle
  140. 622 CE — Battle of OphlimosBattle · Byzantium ▸ Persia
  141. 624 CE — Battle of GanzakBattle
  142. 624–625 CE — Heraclius Caucasus campaignCampaign
  143. 625 CE — Battle of SarusBattle
  144. 625 CE — Battle of ArcheshBattle
  145. 625 CE — Battle of AghdamBattle
  146. 626 CE — Siege of ConstantinopleBattle
  147. 626 CE — Battle of the LycusBattle
  148. 627 CE — Battle of NinevehBattle
  149. 627–628 CE — Siege of TbilisiSiege
  150. 629 CE — Battle of Mu'tahBattle
  151. 629 CE — Battle of MutaBattle · Byzantium, Christian Arabs ▸ Muslim Ummah
  152. 633–654 CE — Muslim conquest of PersiaWar
  153. 633–640 CE — Muslim conquest of the LevantWar
  154. 634 CE — Battle of AjnadaynBattle
  155. 634 CE — Battle of al-YaqusahBattle
  156. 635–636 CE — Siege of EmesaSiege
  157. 637 CE — Siege of AleppoSiege
  158. 637 CE — Battle of HazirBattle
  159. 638 CE — Siege of EmesaSiege
  160. 639–640 CE — Siege of PelusiumSiege
  161. 639–640 CE — Siege of MemphisSiege
  162. 639 CE — Siege of RaqqaSiege
  163. 639 CE — Siege of EdessaSiege
  164. 640 CE — Battle of HeliopolisBattle
  165. 640 CE — Siege of Babylon FortressSiege
  166. 640 CE — Siege of BilbeisSiege
  167. 641 CE — Siege of AlexandriaSiege
  168. 641 CE — Battle of SebennytosBattle
  169. 642–744 CE — Arab conquest of ArmeniaWar
  170. 646 CE — Battle of NikiouBattle
  171. 647–709 CE — Muslim conquest of the MaghrebWar
  172. 647 CE — Battle of SufetulaBattle
  173. 654 CE — Battle of CaesareaBattle
  174. 655 CE — Battle of the MastsNaval battle
  175. 663 CE — Battle of ForinoBattle
  176. 663 CE — Italian campaign of 663Campaign
  177. 669 CE — Battle of AmoriumBattle · Byzantium ▸ Muslims
  178. 674–678 CE — Siege of ConstantinopleSiege
  179. 677 CE — Battle of SyllaeumBattle · Byzantium ▸ Muslim Caliphate
  180. 682 CE — Battle of VesceraBattle
  181. 684–685 CE — Cilician Campaign of Constantine IVCampaign
  182. 686–688 CE — Caucasian Campaigns of LeontiusCampaign
  183. 692 CE — Battle of SebastopolisBattle
  184. 694 CE — Battle of MarashBattle
  185. 698 CE — Battle of CarthageBattle
  186. 698 CE — Heraclius' Syrian CampaignCampaign
  187. 704 CE — Battle of SisBattle
  188. 707–708 CE — Siege of TyanaSiege
  189. 708 CE — Battle of AnchialusBattle
  190. 708 CE — Battle of AmoriumBattle
  191. 717–718 CE — Siege of ConstantinopleBattle
  192. 718 CE — Battle of AdrianópolisBattle
  193. 718 CE — Battle of AdrianopleBattle · Bulgar Khanate ▸ Umayyad Caliphate
  194. 720–740 CE — Umayyad invasions of Asia MinorInvasion
  195. 732 CE — Battle of AkroinonBattle
  196. 739 CE — Battle of AkroinosBattle · Byzantium ▸ Ummayad Caliphate
  197. 740 CE — Battle of AkroinonBattle
  198. 741 CE — Umayyad invasion of Asia MinorInvasion
  199. 741–743 CE — Rebellion of ArtabasdosRebellion
  200. 746 CE — Battle of KeramaiaNaval battle
  201. 756–775 CE — Bulgarian campaigns of Constantine VCampaign
  202. 759 CE — Battle of Melas RiverBattle
  203. 759 CE — Battle of MarcellaeBattle · Byzantium ▸ Bulgar Khanate
  204. 763 CE — Battle of AnchialusBattle
  205. 766 CE — Siege of KamachaSiege
  206. 771 CE — Battle of SycaBattle
  207. 774 CE — Battle of BerzitiaBattle
  208. 776–777 CE — Siege of AncyraSiege
  209. 778 CE — Germanikeia CampaignCampaign
  210. 779 CE — Abbasid invasion of Asia MinorInvasion
  211. 780 CE — Abbasid invasion of Asia MinorInvasion
  212. 780 CE — Battle of SamaluBattle · Muslim Caliphate ▸ Byzantium
  213. 781 CE — Battle of CaesareaBattle
  214. 782 CE — Abbasid invasion of Asia MinorInvasion
  215. 782 CE — Battle of NicomediaBattle · Muslim Caliphate ▸ Byzantium
  216. 788 CE — Battle of KopidnadonBattle
  217. 790 CE — Battle of Gulf of AttaleiaNaval battle
  218. 792 CE — Battle of MarcellaeBattle · Bulgar Khanate ▸ Byzantium
  219. 793 CE — Capture of ThebasaBattle
  220. 795 CE — Battle of AnusanBattle
  221. 798 CE — Abbasid invasion of Asia MinorInvasion
  222. 803 CE — Pax NicephoriTreaty
  223. 804 CE — Battle of KrasosBattle
  224. 805 CE — Battle of CrasusBattle · Abbasid Caliphate ▸ Byzantium
  225. 806 CE — Abbasid invasion of Asia MinorInvasion
  226. 806 CE — Battle of Heraclea, AnatoliaBattle · Muslim Caliphate ▸ Byzantium
  227. 807 CE — Battle of the Cilician GatesBattle
  228. 809–810 CE — Frankish invasion of VeniceInvasion
  229. 813 CE — Siege of ConstantinopleSiege
  230. 813 CE — Siege of Adrianople (813)Battle
  231. 813 CE — Battle of VersinikiaBattle · Bulgar Khanate ▸ Byzantium
  232. 814 CE — Battle of MesembriaBattle
  233. 820–823 CE — Rebellion of Thomas the SlavRebellion
  234. 821–823 CE — Siege of ConstantinopleSiege
  235. 825 CE — Battle of AncyraBattle
  236. 827 CE — Battle of Mazara del ValloBattle
  237. 829 CE — Battles of EnnaBattle
  238. 830–831 CE — Siege of PalermoSiege
  239. 831 CE — Battle of CharsianonBattle
  240. 831 CE — Abbasid invasion of Asia MinorInvasion
  241. 832 CE — Capture of LoulonSiege
  242. 835 CE — Battle of EnnaBattle
  243. 837–838 CE — Siege of CefalùSiege
  244. 837 CE — Siege of SozopetraSiege
  245. 837 CE — Siege of ArsamosataSiege
  246. 838 CE — Sack of AmoriumBattle
  247. 838 CE — Battle of AnzenBattle
  248. 838 CE — Battle of DazimonBattle · Muslim Caliphate ▸ Byzantium
  249. 839–841 CE — Abū Sa'īd's invasions of Asia MinorInvasion
  250. 840 CE — Battle of TarantoNaval battle
  251. 842–843 CE — Siege of MessinaSiege
  252. 845 CE — Battle of ButeraBattle
  253. 846 CE — Siege of LentiniSiege
  254. 859 CE — Siege of EnnaSiege
  255. 859 CE — Battle of SyracuseBattle
  256. 859 CE — Siege of SamosataSiege
  257. 859 CE — Battle of CastrogiovanniBattle · Muslims ▸ Byzantium
  258. 860 CE — Siege of ConstantinopleSiege
  259. 860 CE — Battle of ChonarionBattle
  260. 862 CE — Capture of FarurriyahSiege
  261. 863 CE — Battle of PosonBattle · Byzantium ▸ Omar of Melitene
  262. 871 CE — Battle of BariBattle · Byzantium, Frankish Empire ▸ Arab Raiders
  263. 873 CE — Battle of the Gulf of CorinthNaval battle
  264. 873 CE — Thughur Campaign of Basil ICampaign
  265. 878 CE — Battle of the Cilician GatesBattle
  266. 878 CE — Battle of PodandusBattle
  267. 879 CE — Germanikeia CampaignCampaign
  268. 880 CE — Battle of CephaloniaNaval battle
  269. 880 CE — Battle of StelaiNaval battle
  270. 882 CE — Battle of PolizziBattle
  271. 882 CE — Campaign of MeliteneCampaign
  272. 883 CE — Battle of ChrysoboullonBattle
  273. 888 CE — Battle of MilazzoNaval battle
  274. 896 CE — Battle of BoulgarophygonBattle
  275. 898 CE — Battle of Kibyrrhaiotai coastNaval battle
  276. 901 CE — Battle of ReggioBattle
  277. 902–911 CE — Siege of AlaróSiege
  278. 904 CE — Sack of ThessalonicaSiege
  279. 907 CE — Rus'–Byzantine War of 907War
  280. 907 CE — Rus'–Byzantine Treaty of 907Treaty
  281. 913–927 CE — Byzantine–Bulgarian War of 913–927War
  282. 914 CE — Battle of AdrianópolisBattle
  283. 914 CE — Battle of AdrianopleBattle
  284. 917 CE — Battle of AchelousBattle
  285. 917 CE — Battle of KatasyrtaiBattle
  286. 917 CE — Battle of AnchialusBattle · Bulgar Kingdom ▸ Byzantium
  287. 921 CE — Battle of PegaeBattle
  288. 922 CE — Battle of ConstantinopleBattle
  289. 927 CE — Siege of DvinSiege
  290. 934 CE — Battle of W.l.n.d.rBattle
  291. 938 CE — Battle of CharpeteBattle
  292. 941–944 CE — Rus'–Byzantine War of 941–944War
  293. 942–944 CE — John Kourkouas' Mesopotamian campaignCampaign
  294. 944 CE — Rus'–Byzantine TreatyTreaty
  295. 949 CE — Battle of GermanikeiaBattle
  296. 949 CE — Battle of BouqaBattle
  297. 949 CE — Siege of TheodosiopolisSiege
  298. 950 CE — Battle of Darb al-KankarunBattle
  299. 950 CE — Battle of the LycusBattle
  300. 952 CE — Battle of GeraceBattle

Facts from Wikidata (CC0), HCED (CC0) and Cliopatria (CC BY 4.0); overview excerpted from Wikipedia (CC BY-SA 4.0).

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