State

Roman Empire

period of Ancient Rome following the Republic

See it on the map →
This boundary
31 BCE – 395 CE
Ended
395 CE
Capital
Rome, Milan, Ravenna, Roma, Constantinople
Government
autocracy, monarchy, Roman Tetrarchy, triumvirate
Languages
Latin, Ancient Greek
Religion
ancient Roman religion, state church of the Roman Empire
Preceded by
Roman Republic
Succeeded by
Western Roman EmpireByzantine Empire

Overview

The Roman Empire was a state that dominated the Mediterranean and much of Europe, Western Asia, and North Africa during the classical period. The Roman Republic had previously conquered most of these territories, which later came under permanent single-person rule following Octavian's rise to power and the establishment of the Augustan Principate in 27 BC. By the late 3rd century AD, the empire had been divided many times. The Western Roman Empire collapsed in 476 AD, whereas the Eastern Roman Empire (also known as the Byzantine Empire) persisted until the fall of Constantinople in 1453.

Excerpt from Wikipedia · CC BY-SA 4.0

All rulers (80)

  1. Augustus27 BCE – 14 CE
  2. Tiberius14–37 CE
  3. Caligula37–41 CE
  4. Claudius41–54 CE
  5. Nero54–68 CE
  6. Galba68–69 CE
  7. Vespasian69–79 CE
  8. Vitellius69 CE
  9. Otho69 CE
  10. Titus79–81 CE
  11. Domitian81–96 CE
  12. Nerva96–98 CE
  13. Trajan98–117 CE
  14. Hadrian117–138 CE
  15. Antoninus Pius138–161 CE
  16. Lucius Verus161–169 CE
  17. Marcus Aurelius161–180 CE
  18. Commodus177–192 CE
  19. Pertinax192–193 CE
  20. Septimius Severus193–211 CE
  21. Didius Julianus193 CE
  22. Caracalla198–217 CE
  23. Geta209–211 CE
  24. Macrinus217–218 CE
  25. Elagabalus218–222 CE
  26. Diadumenian218 CE
  27. Severus Alexander222–235 CE
  28. Maximinus Thrax235–238 CE
  29. Gordian III238–244 CE
  30. Balbinus238 CE
  31. Gordian II238 CE
  32. Pupienus238 CE
  33. Gordian I238 CE
  34. Philip the Arab244–249 CE
  35. Pacatian248 CE
  36. Silbannacus248 CE
  37. Decius249–251 CE
  38. Volusian251–253 CE
  39. Trebonianus Gallus251–253 CE
  40. Hostilian251 CE
  41. Herennius Etruscus251 CE
  42. Aemilian253 CE
  43. Gallienus253–268 CE
  44. Valerian253–260 CE
  45. Ingenuus258–260 CE
  46. Macrianus Major260–261 CE
  47. Saloninus260 CE
  48. Claudius Gothicus268–270 CE
  49. Quintillus270 CE
  50. Aurelian270–275 CE
  51. Tacitus275–276 CE
  52. Florian276 CE
  53. Probus276–282 CE
  54. Carus282–283 CE
  55. Carinus283–285 CE
  56. Numerian283–284 CE
  57. Diocletian284–305 CE
  58. Maximian286–305 CE
  59. Galerius305–311 CE
  60. Constantius Chlorus305–306 CE
  61. Maxentius306–312 CE
  62. Constantine the Great306–337 CE
  63. Severus306–307 CE
  64. Licinius308–324 CE
  65. Maximinus Daza311–313 CE
  66. Valerius Valens316–317 CE
  67. Martinianus324 CE
  68. Constans337–350 CE
  69. Constantine II337–340 CE
  70. Constantius II337–361 CE
  71. Vetranio350 CE
  72. Julian360–363 CE
  73. Jovian363–364 CE
  74. Valens364–378 CE
  75. Valentinian I364–375 CE
  76. Gratian367–383 CE
  77. Valentinian II375–392 CE
  78. Theodosius I379–395 CE
  79. Flavius Victor384–388 CE
  80. Theodosius II402–450 CE

Records (165)

  1. 31 BCE — Battle of MethoneBattle · Octavian ▸ Marc Anthony
  2. 25 BCE — Siege of AracillumSiege
  3. 25 BCE — Battle of VellicaBattle
  4. 25–22 BCE — Nubian WarWar
  5. 12–8 BCE — Drusus' campaignsCampaign
  6. 1 BCE — Battle of Ponte NuovoBattle · France ▸ Corsican Rebels
  7. 1–5 CE — Immensum bellumRebellion
  8. 7 CE — Battle of the Volcaean MarshesBattle
  9. 16 CE — Battle of IdistavisoBattle
  10. 16 CE — Battle of the Angrivarian WallBattle
  11. 21 CE — Battle of DuodecimumBattle
  12. 35 CE — Iberian invasion of ArmeniaInvasion
  13. 39–40 CE — Caligula's German-British campaignsCampaign
  14. 43 CE — Battle of MedwayBattle · Rome ▸ Catuvellauni
  15. 50–53 CE — Iberian–Armenian WarWar
  16. 52–53 CE — Siege of Garni (52–53)Siege
  17. 60 CE — Battle of LondiniumBattle
  18. 61 CE — Battle of BoudiccaBattle · Rome ▸ Iceni Rebels
  19. 62 CE — Battle of ArsaniasBattle · Parthia ▸ Rome
  20. 66–74 CE — First Jewish-Roman WarRebellion
  21. 66 CE — Battle of Beth HoronBattle · Jewish Rebels ▸ Rome
  22. 67 CE — Battle of JotapataBattle · Rome ▸ Judean Rebels
  23. 69 CE — Battle of GeldubaBattle
  24. 69 CE — Battle of Bedriacum (1st)Battle · The Pretender Vitellius ▸ Emperor Otho of Rome
  25. 69 CE — Battle of Bedriacum (2nd)Battle · Marcus Antonius Primus ▸ The Pretender Vitellius
  26. 69 CE — Battle of Campus CastorumBattle
  27. 70 CE — Battle of Castra VeteraBattle
  28. 70 CE — Attack on the Roman camp in BonnBattle
  29. 70 CE — Battle of VadaBattle
  30. 70 CE — Battle of JerusalemBattle · Rome ▸ Judean Rebels
  31. 76 CE — Battle of RekhBattle
  32. 84 CE — Battle of Mons GraupiusBattle · Rome ▸ Caledonia
  33. 86–88 CE — Domitian's Dacian WarCampaign
  34. 87 CE — Battle of TapaeBattle
  35. 88 CE — Battle of TapaeBattle
  36. 101 CE — Third Battle of TapaeBattle
  37. 101–102 CE — Battle of AdamclisiBattle
  38. 101–102 CE — First Dacian WarWar
  39. 105–106 CE — Second Dacian WarWar
  40. 106 CE — Battle of SarmisegetusaBattle
  41. 115–117 CE — Diaspora RevoltRebellion
  42. 130 CE — Iberian invasion of CappadociaInvasion
  43. 132–136 CE — Bar Kokhba revoltRebellion
  44. 133 CE — Battle of AeliaBattle · Rome ▸ Jewish Rebels
  45. 139–143 CE — Campaigns in Britain by Quintus Lollius UrbicusCampaign
  46. 165 CE — Battle of CtesiphonBattle
  47. 165 CE — Battle of Dura-EuroposBattle
  48. 166 CE — Battle of AquileiaBattle · Rome ▸ Germanic Tribes
  49. 174 CE — Battle of the Hron RiverBattle
  50. 177 CE — Siege of HatraSiege
  51. 191 CE — Battle of PerinthusBattle · Asselius Aemilius ▸ Emperor Septimius Severus
  52. 194 CE — Battle of CyzicusBattle · Septimius Severus ▸ Pescennius Niger
  53. 194 CE — Battle of IssusBattle · Emperor Severus ▸ Pescennius Niger
  54. 194 CE — Battle of NicaeaBattle · Emperor Septimius Severus ▸ Pescennius Niger
  55. 197–198 CE — Siege of HatraSiege
  56. 197 CE — Battle of LugdunumBattle · Emperor Severus ▸ Decimus Claudius Albinus
  57. 198 CE — Battle of CtesiphonBattle
  58. 208–211 CE — Roman invasion of CaledoniaInvasion
  59. 216–217 CE — Parthian War of CaracallaWar
  60. 217 CE — Battle of NisibisBattle
  61. 218 CE — Battle of AntiochBattle
  62. 218 CE — Battle of ImmaeBattle · Macrinus ▸ Bassianus
  63. 229–233 CE — First Mesopotamian campaign of Ardashir ICampaign
  64. 229 CE — Ardashir I's Siege of HatraSiege
  65. 235 CE — Siege of NisibisSiege
  66. 237–238 CE — Second Mesopotamian campaign of Ardashir ICampaign
  67. 238 CE — Battle of Carthage, TunisiaBattle · General Maximinius ▸ Gordian III
  68. 239 CE — Siege of Dura-EuroposSiege
  69. 240 CE — Battle of AquileiaBattle · Roman Senate ▸ Gaius Julius Maximinus
  70. 242–244 CE — Sasanian campaign of Gordian IIICampaign
  71. 242–260 CE — Shapur I's Syrio-Mesopotamian campaignCampaign
  72. 243 CE — Battle of ResaenaBattle
  73. 244 CE — Battle of MisicheBattle
  74. 249 CE — Battle of VeronaBattle · Gaius Trajanus Decius ▸ Emperor Phillip
  75. 250 CE — Siege of Dura-EuroposSiege
  76. 250 CE — Battle of Nicopolis ad IstrumBattle · Rome ▸ Goths
  77. 250 CE — Battle of PhilippopolisBattle · Goths ▸ Rome
  78. 251 CE — Battle of AbrittusBattle · Goths, Scythians ▸ Rome
  79. 252 CE — Battle of BarbalissosBattle
  80. 252 CE — Siege of NisibisSiege
  81. 253 CE — Siege of AntiochSiege
  82. 253 CE — Siege of EmesaSiege
  83. 259–260 CE — Shapur I's third Roman campaignCampaign
  84. 260 CE — Battle of EdessaBattle
  85. 260 CE — Siege of AntiochSiege
  86. 260 CE — Siege of CaesareaSiege
  87. 260 CE — Battle of MursaBattle · Emperor Gallienus ▸ General Ingenuus
  88. 261–265 CE — Odaenathus' Sasanian campaignsCampaign
  89. 261 CE — Battle of SerdicaBattle
  90. 261 CE — Battle of IllyricumBattle · Emperor Gallienus ▸ General Macrienus
  91. 263 CE — Battle of CtesiphonBattle
  92. 267 CE — Battle of NestusBattle · Rome ▸ Heruls
  93. 268 CE — Siege of MediolanumSiege
  94. 268 CE — Battle of NestosBattle
  95. 268 CE — Battle of Lake BenacusBattle · Rome ▸ Alemmani
  96. 269–270 CE — Siege of Augustodunum HaeduorumSiege
  97. 269 CE — Battle of NishBattle · Rome ▸ Goths
  98. 270–271 CE — Palmyrene invasion of EgyptInvasion
  99. 271 CE — Battle of FanoBattle · Rome ▸ Alemanni
  100. 271 CE — Battle of ImmaeBattle · Palmyr ▸ Rome
  101. 271 CE — Battle of PaviaBattle · Rome ▸ Alemanni
  102. 271 CE — Battle of PlacentiaBattle · Alemmani ▸ Rome
  103. 272–273 CE — Palmyrene WarCampaign
  104. 272 CE — Battle of EmessaBattle · Rome ▸ Palmyra
  105. 272 CE — Battle of PalmyraBattle · Rome ▸ Palmyra
  106. 273 CE — Battle of ChalonsBattle · Emperor Aurelian ▸ Governor Gaius Tetricus
  107. 280–460 CE — Bagaudic WarsWar
  108. 283 CE — Carus and Numerian's Sasanian campaignCampaign
  109. 285 CE — Battle of MargusBattle · Aurelius Carinus ▸ Diocletian
  110. 296 CE — Battle of CarrhaeBattle
  111. 296–298 CE — Sasanian campaigns of GaleriusCampaign
  112. 296 CE — Battle of SilchesterBattle · Emperor Constantius ▸ Marcus Carausius
  113. 297–298 CE — Siege of AlexandriaSiege
  114. 297 CE — Battle of CallinicumBattle · Persia ▸ Rome
  115. 298 CE — Battle of SatalaBattle
  116. 306–336 CE — German and Sarmatian campaigns of ConstantineCampaign
  117. 307 CE — Battle of RavennaBattle · Maximianus Herculius ▸ Severus
  118. 312–364 CE — Sapor II's Syrian-Mesopotamian campaignsCampaign
  119. 312 CE — Battle of Milvian BridgeBattle · Constantine ▸ Maxentius
  120. 312 CE — Battle of TurinBattle · Emperor Constantine ▸ Emperor Maxentius
  121. 312 CE — Battle of VeronaBattle · Emperor Constantine ▸ General Ruricius
  122. 313 CE — Battle of TzirallumBattle · Licinius ▸ Maximius
  123. 316 CE — Battle of CibalaeBattle · Constantine ▸ Licinius
  124. 317 CE — Battle of Campus ArdiensisBattle · Constantine ▸ Emperor Valerius Licinius
  125. 324 CE — Battle of AdrianopleBattle · Western Empire ▸ Eastern Empire
  126. 324 CE — Battle of ChrysopolisBattle · Constantine ▸ Licinius
  127. 324 CE — Battle of HellespontBattle · Emperor Constantine ▸ Valerius Licinius - Emperor in the East
  128. 326 CE — Siege of NisibisSiege
  129. 337 CE — Siege of NisibisSiege
  130. 337 CE — Battle of NarasaraBattle
  131. 340 CE — Battle of AquileiaBattle · Constans ▸ Constantine II
  132. 344 CE — Battle of SingaraBattle
  133. 350–353 CE — Roman civil war of 350–353War
  134. 350 CE — Battle of VoskhaBattle
  135. 350 CE — Siege of NisibisSiege
  136. 350 CE — Shapur II's invasion of ArmeniaInvasion
  137. 351 CE — Battle of Mursa MajorBattle
  138. 351 CE — Battle of MursaBattle · Emperor Constantius ▸ General Flavius Magnus Magnentius
  139. 352 CE — Battle of PaviaBattle
  140. 353 CE — Battle of Mons SeleucusBattle
  141. 353 CE — Battle of ThessalyBattle · Phocis ▸ Macedon
  142. 355–360 CE — Gallic campaigns of JulianCampaign
  143. 356 CE — Siege of AutunSiege
  144. 356 CE — Battle of RheimsBattle · Rome ▸ Alemmani
  145. 356 CE — Battle of SensBattle · Rome ▸ Alemanni
  146. 357 CE — Battle of ArgentoratumBattle · Rome ▸ Alemanns
  147. 358–359 CE — Constantius II's Suebo-Sarmatian campaignCampaign
  148. 359 CE — Siege of AmidaSiege
  149. 363 CE — Battle of CtesiphonBattle
  150. 363 CE — Julian's Persian expeditionCampaign
  151. 363–371 CE — Armeno-Sassanid War of 363–371War
  152. 365–370 CE — Gallic campaigns of Valentinian ICampaign
  153. 366 CE — Battle of ChalonsBattle · Rome ▸ Alemmani
  154. 368 CE — Battle of SoliciniumBattle · Rome ▸ Alemanni
  155. 369 CE — Battle of NoviodunumBattle
  156. 371 CE — Battle of BagavanBattle
  157. 377 CE — Battle of DibaltumBattle
  158. 377 CE — Battle of Ad SalicesBattle
  159. 377 CE — Battle of MarcianopolisBattle · Rome ▸ Goths
  160. 378 CE — Battle of AdrianopleBattle · Goths ▸ Rome
  161. 378 CE — Battle of ArgentoratumBattle · Rome ▸ Alemanns
  162. 388–390 CE — Frankish invasionInvasion
  163. 388 CE — Battle of AquileiaBattle · Byzantium ▸ Magnus Clemens Maximus
  164. 388 CE — Battle of SisciaBattle · Eastern Roman Empire ▸ Magnus Clemens Maximus
  165. 394 CE — Battle of FrigidusBattle · Pretender Emperor Eugenius ▸ Byzantium

Facts from Wikidata (CC0), HCED (CC0) and Cliopatria (CC BY 4.0); overview excerpted from Wikipedia (CC BY-SA 4.0).

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