State
Ottoman Empire
empire with the monarchs from the Ottoman dynasty (1299–1922)
- This boundary
- 1299–1922
- Founded
- 1299
- Ended
- 1922
- Capital
- Söğüt, Bursa, Edirne, Constantinople, Didymoteicho, Istanbul
- Government
- absolute monarchy, dual monarchy, one-party state, military dictatorship
- Languages
- Ottoman Turkish
- Religion
- Sunni Islam, Alevism, Bektashi Order, Greek Orthodoxy
- Preceded by
- Abbasid CaliphateByzantine EmpireBeylik of OsmanBeylik of BafraMaona of Chios and PhocaeaDuchy of Leucas
- Succeeded by
- Government of the Grand National Assemblyoccupation of SmyrnaPrincipality of Serbia
Overview
The Ottoman Empire, also known historically as Turkey or the Turkish Empire, was a state that spanned much of Southeastern Europe, West Asia, and North Africa from the 14th century to the early 20th century, centred in modern-day Turkey. It also controlled parts of southeastern Central Europe between the early 16th and early 18th centuries.
All rulers (39)
- Osman I1299–1324
- Orhan1326–1362
- Murad I1362–1389
- Bayezid I1389–1402
- Mehmed I1413–1421
- Murad II1421–1444
- Mehmed II1444–1446
- Murad II1446–1451
- Mehmed II1451–1481
- Bayezid II1481–1512
- Selim I1512–1520
- Suleiman the Magnificent1520–1566
- Selim II1566–1574
- Murad III1574–1595
- Mehmed III1595–1603
- Ahmed I1603–1617
- Mustafa I1617–1618
- Osman II1618–1622
- Mustafa I1622–1623
- Murad IV1623–1640
- Ibrahim I1640–1648
- Mehmed IV1648–1687
- Suleiman II1687–1691
- Ahmed II1691–1695
- Mustafa II1695–1703
- Ahmed III1703–1730
- Mahmud I1730–1754
- Osman III1754–1757
- Mustafa III1757–1774
- Abdul Hamid I1774–1789
- Selim III1789–1807
- Mustafa IV1807–1808
- Mahmud II1808–1839
- Abdülmecid I1839–1861
- Abdülaziz1861–1876
- Murad V1876
- Abdul Hamid II1876–1909
- Mehmed V1909–1918
- Mehmed VI1918–1922
Records (1375)
- 1302 — Battle of BapheusBattle
- 1303 — Battle of DimbosBattle
- 1308 — Ilkhanate campaign to BithyniaCampaign
- 1317–1326 — Siege of BursaBattle
- 1321 — Siege of MudanyaSiege
- 1329 — Battle of PelekanonBattle
- 1345–1393 — Bulgarian–Ottoman WarsWar
- 1350–1355 — War of the StraitsWar
- 1352 — Battle of DemotikaBattle
- 1354 — Fall of GallipoliBattle
- 1355 — Battle of IhtimanBattle
- 1364 — Battle of Sırp SındığıBattle
- 1366 — Reconquest of GallipoliBattle
- 1366–1367 — Hungarian–Ottoman WarWar
- 1366 — Battle of GallipoliBattle · Savoy ▸ Ottoman Empire
- 1371 — Battle of MaritsaBattle
- 1375–1377 — Hungarian–Ottoman WarWar
- 1380 — Battle of DubravnicaBattle
- 1383–1387 — Siege of ThessalonicaSiege
- 1385 — Battle of PločnikBattle
- 1385 — Battle of SavraBattle
- 1386 — Battle of FrenkyazısıBattle
- 1388 — Battle of BilećaBattle
- 1389 — Battle of KosovoBattle
- 1389–1396 — Hungarian–Ottoman WarWar
- 1390–1399 — Bayezid I's Anatolian campaignsCampaign
- 1390–1392 — Hungarian–Serbian WarWar
- 1391–1392 — Siege of ConstantinopleSiege
- 1392 — Battle of KırkdilimBattle
- 1394–1402 — Siege of ConstantinopleSiege
- 1394 — Battle of ArgeșBattle
- 1395 — Battle of RovineBattle
- 1395 — Siege of OhridSiege
- 1395–1397 — Ottoman raids into the Despotate of the MoreaWar
- 1396 — Battle of NicopolisBattle
- 1398 — Battle of AkçayBattle
- 1399 — Battle of DardanellesBattle · France, Venice, Genoa ▸ Turkey
- 1402 — Battle of AnkaraBattle
- 1402 — Battle of TripoljeBattle
- 1402 — Siege of AnkaraSiege
- 1402–1403 — Timurid invasion of the Ottoman EmpireInvasion
- 1410 — Battle of KosmidionBattle
- 1413 — Battle of ÇamurluBattle
- 1413 — Battle of ChamorluBattle · Sultan Mehmed II ▸ Musa Celebi
- 1415–1419 — Hungarian–Ottoman WarWar
- 1416 — Battle of GallipoliNaval battle
- 1416 — Battle of KaraburunBattle
- 1416 — Battle of ManisaBattle
- 1416 — Battle of ThessalonicaBattle
- 1420 — Wallachian campaignCampaign
- 1420 — Siege of SamsunSiege
- 1420–1432 — War of the South DanubeWar
- 1421–1424 — Byzantine–Ottoman War of 1421–1424War
- 1422 — Siege of ConstantinopleSiege
- 1422–1430 — Siege of ThessalonicaSiege
- 1422 — Battle of UlubadBattle
- 1422 — Battle of GallipoliBattle
- 1423 — Battle of BoluBattle
- 1423 — Battle of DaviaBattle
- 1423 — Battle of İznikBattle
- 1423–1430 — Ottoman–Venetian War of 1423–1430War
- 1425 — Battle of GülnasBattle
- 1426–1428 — Hungarian–Ottoman WarWar
- 1428 — Siege of GolubacSiege
- 1437–1442 — Hungarian–Ottoman WarWar
- 1437–1444 — Hungarian–Ottoman WarWar
- 1440 — Siege of BelgradeBattle
- 1442 — Battle of HermannstadtBattle
- 1442 — Battle of the Jałomica RiverBattle
- 1443 — Battle of NišBattle
- 1443–1468 — Skanderbeg's rebellionRebellion
- 1443 — Battle of ZlaticaBattle
- 1443 — Liberation of KrujëBattle
- 1443–1448 — Skanderbeg's Albanian campaignCampaign
- 1443 — Battle of MelshtitsaBattle · Hungary ▸ Ottoman Empire
- 1443 — Battle of ZlatitsaBattle · Ottoman Empire ▸ Hungary
- 1444 — Battle of VarnaBattle
- 1444 — Battle of TorviollBattle
- 1444–1449 — Hungarian–Ottoman WarWar
- 1444 — Battle of JalowazBattle
- 1445 — Battle of MokraBattle
- 1445 — Lower Danube CampaignCampaign
- 1446 — Battle of OtonetëBattle
- 1446 — Buçuktepe RebellionRebellion
- 1446 — Siege of the Hexamilion WallSiege
- 1447–1448 — Albanian–Venetian WarWar
- 1448 — Battle of KosovoBattle
- 1448 — Siege of SvetigradSiege
- 1448 — Battle of OranikBattle
- 1450 — Siege of KrujëSiege
- 1452 — Mehmed II's Albanian campaignCampaign
- 1453 — Fall of ConstantinopleBattle
- 1453 — Battle of PollogBattle
- 1454 — Battle of LeskovacBattle
- 1454 — Battle of KruševacBattle
- 1454 — Ottoman campaign against AbkhaziaCampaign
- 1454–1483 — Hungarian–Ottoman WarWar
- 1455 — Battle of BeratBattle · Ottoman Empire ▸ Albania, Naples
- 1456 — Siege of BelgradeBattle
- 1456 — Battle of OranikBattle
- 1457 — Battle of AlbulenaBattle
- 1457 — Battle of AlbulenBattle · Albania ▸ Ottoman Empire
- 1458 — Siege of CorinthBattle
- 1458 — Battle of CorinthSiege
- 1460–1461 — Siege of Trebizond in 1461Siege
- 1460 — Battle of BaziașBattle
- 1460 — Siege of AmasraSiege
- 1460 — Siege of Gardiki-ArcadiaSiege
- 1460 — Siege of KastritzaSiege
- 1460–1461 — Siege of SalmenikoSiege
- 1461 — Battle of KoyulhisarBattle
- 1462 — Night attack at TârgovișteBattle
- 1462 — Battle of BuzăuBattle
- 1462 — Battle of TurnuBattle
- 1463–1479 — First Ottoman–Venetian WarWar
- 1463 — Battle of KljucBattle
- 1463 — Siege of CorinthSiege
- 1464 — Battle of OhridBattle
- 1464 — Siege of MytileneSiege
- 1464 — Battle of ZvornikBattle
- 1464 — Battle of MystrasBattle
- 1464 — Battle of JajceBattle · Hungary ▸ Ottoman Empire
- 1465 — Battle of VaikalBattle
- 1465 — Battle of MeçadBattle
- 1466 — Battle of PatrasBattle
- 1466 — Battle of PatrasBattle
- 1466 — Battle of Kruje, AlbaniaBattle · Venice, Albania ▸ Ottoman Empire
- 1468 — Battle of LarendeBattle
- 1469 — Siege of CaffaSiege
- 1470 — Siege of NegroponteSiege
- 1472 — Attack on AntalyaBattle
- 1472 — Battle of KıreliBattle
- 1473 — Battle of OtlukbeliBattle
- 1473 — Battle of MalatyaBattle
- 1473 — Siege of SebinkarahisarSiege
- 1473 — Battle of ErzincanBattle
- 1474 — Siege of ShkodraSiege
- 1475 — Battle of VasluiBattle
- 1475 — Siege of TheodoroSiege
- 1475 — Siege of CaffaSiege
- 1476 — Battle of Valea AlbăBattle
- 1476 — Battle of SabacBattle · Hungary ▸ Ottoman Empire
- 1477 — Battle of IsonzoBattle
- 1477 — Battle of LucinicoBattle
- 1478–1479 — Siege of ShkodraSiege
- 1478 — Battle of KokovoBattle
- 1478 — Battle of Kruje, AlbaniaBattle · Ottoman Empire ▸ Venice
- 1479 — Battle of BreadfieldBattle
- 1480 — Siege of RhodesSiege
- 1481 — Ottoman invasion of OtrantoBattle
- 1481–1484 — Albanian RebellionRebellion
- 1481 — Battle of YenisehirBattle · Sultan Bayazid II ▸ Prince Cem
- 1483 — Battle of UnaBattle
- 1485–1491 — Ottoman–Mamluk WarWar
- 1485–1503 — Polish-Ottoman War of 1485–1503War
- 1485 — Battle of CătlăbugaBattle
- 1485 — Adana campaignCampaign
- 1485 — Battle of MalatyaBattle
- 1488 — Battle of Aga-CayiriBattle
- 1490 — Siege of KayseriSiege
- 1492–1495 — Hungarian–Ottoman WarWar
- 1493 — Battle of Krbava FieldBattle
- 1493–1593 — Hundred Years' Croatian–Ottoman WarWar
- 1497–1499 — Polish-Moldavian WarWar
- 1498 — Battle of BotoșaniBattle
- 1498 — Moldavian campaign in PolandCampaign
- 1498 — Battle of KarpathosNaval battle
- 1499–1503 — Second Ottoman–Venetian WarWar
- 1499 — Battle of ZonchioNaval battle
- 1499 — Siege of LepantoSiege
- 1500 — Battle of ModonNaval battle
- 1500–1501 — Siege of the Castle of Saint GeorgeSiege
- 1500–1912 — Albanian uprisings in the Ottoman EmpireRebellion
- 1500 — Siege of ModonSiege
- 1501 — Siege of MytileneSiege
- 1501 — Fall of NavarinoBattle
- 1501 — Fall of DurrësBattle
- 1501 — Siege of LesbosSiege
- 1501 — Siege of DurazzoSiege
- 1505 — Trabzon campaignCampaign
- 1506 — Battle of KletskBattle
- 1507 — Battle of ErzincanBattle
- 1508 — Georgian campaignCampaign
- 1509–1513 — Ottoman Civil War of 1509–13War
- 1509 — Portuguese-Turkish WarWar
- 1510 — Trabzon campaignCampaign
- 1510–1524 — Shah Ismail's campaigns in GeorgiaCampaign
- 1510 — Battle of Qarahamid (1510 )Battle
- 1511 — Şahkulu RevoltRebellion
- 1511 — Battle of KayseriBattle · Ottoman Empire ▸ Safavid Turcoman Rebels
- 1512 — Yenibahçe UprisingRebellion
- 1513 — Battle of YenişehirBattle
- 1514 — Battle of ChaldiranBattle
- 1514 — Capture of TabrizBattle
- 1514 — Siege of BayburtBattle
- 1514–1515 — battles for DiyarbakırBattle
- 1515 — Battle of OvacıkBattle
- 1515 — Battle of TurnadağBattle
- 1515 — Siege of KemahSiege
- 1515–1517 — Euphrates-Tigris ExpeditionCampaign
- 1515–1577 — Ottoman–Spanish WarWar
- 1515 — Battle of Turna DagBattle · Ottoman Empire ▸ Principality of Dulgadir
- 1516 — Battle of Marj DabiqBattle
- 1516–1517 — Ottoman–Mamluk War of 1516–17War
- 1516 — Battle of Yaunis KhanBattle
- 1516 — Battle of KoçhisarBattle
- 1516 — Capture of AleppoBattle
- 1516 — Capture of DamascusSiege
- 1516 — Battle of KerhBattle
- 1516 — Siege of HarputSiege
- 1516 — Battle of GazaBattle
- 1516–1517 — Siege of MardinSiege
- 1516 — Battle of SinjarBattle
- 1516 — Battle of Marj DabikBattle · Ottoman Empire ▸ Mamluk Egypt
- 1517 — Battle of RidaniyaBattle
- 1517 — Capture of CairoSiege
- 1517 — Siege of JeddahNaval battle
- 1517 — Siege of MosulBattle
- 1517 — Massacre of the TelalMassacre
- 1517 — Battle of DabilBattle
- 1517 — Battle of RidaniehBattle · Ottoman Empire ▸ Mamluk Egypt
- 1519–1659 — Celali RevoltsRebellion
- 1520 — Battle of BeirutBattle
- 1521 — Siege of BelgradeBattle
- 1521–1526 — Hungarian–Ottoman WarWar
- 1521 — Battle of BahrainBattle · Portugal ▸ Bahrain
- 1521 — Battle of SabacBattle · Ottoman Empire ▸ Hungary
- 1522–1523 — Siege of RhodesBattle
- 1526 — Battle of MohácsBattle
- 1526 — Battle of KrasnoBattle
- 1526 — Battle of MohacsBattle · Ottoman Empire ▸ Hungary
- 1526 — Battle of PeterwardeinBattle · Ottoman Empire ▸ Hungary
- 1527 — Kalender Çelebi rebellionRebellion
- 1529 — First Turkish Siege of ViennaSiege
- 1529–1543 — Ethiopian–Adal WarWar
- 1529 — Capture of AlgiersBattle
- 1529 — Battle of FormenteraNaval battle
- 1529 — Balkan campaign of 1529War
- 1529–1533 — Ottoman-Habsburg WarWar
- 1529 — Battle of AlgiersNaval battle
- 1529 — Battle of BudaBattle · Ottoman Empire ▸ Habsburg Empire
- 1529 — Battle of ViennaBattle · Habsburg Empire ▸ Ottoman Empire
- 1531 — Attack on ModonBattle
- 1532–1555 — Ottoman-Safavid WarWar
- 1532 — Siege of GünsBattle
- 1532 — Battle of LeobersdorfBattle
- 1532 — Battle of GunsBattle · Hungary ▸ Ottoman Empire
- 1533 — Battle of TunisBattle · Ottoman Empire ▸ Tunis
- 1534 — Conquest of TunisBattle
- 1534 — Capture of BaghdadSiege
- 1534 — Siege of Coron (1533–1534)Siege
- 1535 — Conquest of TunisSiege
- 1535 — Battle of TunisBattle · Habsburg Empire ▸ Ottoman Empire
- 1536–1538 — Italian War of 1536–1538War
- 1536 — Franco Ottoman Treaty 1536Treaty
- 1537–1540 — Third Ottoman–Venetian WarWar
- 1537 — Battle of ĐakovoBattle
- 1537 — Siege of CorfuSiege
- 1537 — Battle of AntipaxosBattle
- 1537 — Attack on SousseBattle
- 1537 — Battle of ValpovoBattle · Ottoman Empire ▸ Habsburg Empire
- 1538 — Battle of PrevezaNaval battle
- 1538–1557 — Ottoman–Portuguese conflicts of 1538–1560War
- 1538 — Siege of DiuSiege
- 1539 — Siege of CastelnuovoSiege
- 1540 — Battle of AlboránNaval battle
- 1540 — Battle of GirolataNaval battle
- 1540 — Battle of BudaBattle · Hungarian Nationalists ▸ Habsburg Empire
- 1541 — Algiers expeditionBattle
- 1541 — Battle of SuakinBattle
- 1541 — Battle of El TorBattle
- 1541 — Battle of BudaBattle · Turkey, John Sigismund ▸ Habsburg Empire
- 1542–1546 — Italian War of 1542–46 Un penesoteWar
- 1542 — Battle of WoflaBattle
- 1542 — Battle of JarteBattle
- 1543 — Battle of Wayna DagaBattle
- 1543 — Battle of KaragakBattle
- 1544 — Siege of DrégelySiege
- 1545 — Battle of SokhoistaBattle
- 1547 — Ottoman invasion of GuriaInvasion
- 1548 — Capture of AdenBattle
- 1548 — Siege of VanSiege
- 1548–1549 — Ottoman-Safavid War of 1548–1549War
- 1548 — Battle of KemahBattle
- 1550 — Capture of MahdiaSiege
- 1551 — Siege of TripoliSiege
- 1551 — Invasion of GozoInvasion
- 1551 — Siege of QatifSiege
- 1551 — Battle of Bab al-MandabNaval battle
- 1551 — Djerba IncidentNaval battle
- 1551 — Battle of Tripoli, LibyaBattle · Turkey, Corsairs ▸ Knights of St John
- 1552 — Battle of PonzaNaval battle
- 1552 — Capture of MuscatSiege
- 1552–1554 — Ottoman campaign against HormuzCampaign
- 1552 — Battle of PalastBattle
- 1552–1553 — Campaign of Tahmasp ICampaign
- 1552 — Battle of SzegedBattle
- 1552 — Battle of SânandreiBattle
- 1552 — Siege of HormuzSiege
- 1552 — Mediterranean campaign of 1552Campaign
Facts from Wikidata (CC0), HCED (CC0) and Cliopatria (CC BY 4.0); overview excerpted from Wikipedia (CC BY-SA 4.0).