State
Mexico
country in North America
- This boundary
- 1810–1945
- Founded
- 1810
- Capital
- Mexico City
- Government
- federal republic, democratic republic, constitutional republic, empire
- Languages
- Spanish, Nahuatl, Yucatec Maya
- Religion
- Catholicism, irreligion, Evangelicalism, Jehovah's Witnesses
- Preceded by
- Republic of YucatánNew SpainFirst Mexican EmpireRestored Republic
Overview
Mexico, officially the United Mexican States, is a country in North America. It is the northernmost country in Latin America, bordering the United States of America to the north and Guatemala and Belize to the southeast, while having maritime boundaries with the Pacific Ocean to the west, the Caribbean Sea to the southeast, and the Gulf of Mexico to the east. Mexico covers 1,972,550 km2 (761,610 sq mi), and is the thirteenth-largest country in the world by land area. With a population exceeding 134 million as of 2026, Mexico is the tenth-most populous country in the world and is home to the largest number of native Spanish speakers. Mexico City is the capital and largest city in Mexico, which ranks among the most populous metropolitan areas in the world.
All rulers (47)
- Pedro Vélez1829
- Vicente Guerrero1829
- José María Bocanegra1829
- Anastasio Bustamante1830–1832
- Manuel Gómez Pedraza1832–1833
- Miguel Barragán1835–1836
- José Justo Corro1836–1837
- Anastasio Bustamante1837–1839
- Nicolás Bravo1839
- Anastasio Bustamante1839–1841
- Francisco Javier Echeverría1841
- Nicolás Bravo1842–1843
- Valentín Canalizo1843–1844
- Valentín Canalizo1844
- José Joaquín de Herrera1844
- Mariano Paredes1845–1846
- Nicolás Bravo1846
- José Mariano Salas1846
- Manuel de la Peña y Peña1847
- Pedro María de Anaya1847
- Mariano Arista1851–1853
- Juan Bautista Ceballos1853
- Manuel María Lombardini1853
- Martín Carrera1855
- Juan Álvarez Hurtado1855
- Ignacio Comonfort1855–1857
- Rómulo Díaz de la Vega1855
- José Ignacio Pavón1860
- Sebastián Lerdo de Tejada1872–1876
- Juan N. Méndez1876
- José María Iglesias Inzárruga1876
- Manuel González Flores1880–1884
- Porfirio Díaz1884–1911
- Francisco León de la Barra1911
- Francisco I. Madero1911–1913
- Pedro Lascuráin1913
- Victoriano Huerta1913–1914
- Francisco S. Carvajal1914
- Eulalio Gutiérrez1914–1915
- Álvaro Obregón1920–1924
- Adolfo de la Huerta1920
- Plutarco Elías Calles1924–1928
- Emilio Portes Gil1928–1930
- Pascual Ortiz Rubio1930–1932
- Abelardo L. Rodríguez1932–1934
- Lázaro Cárdenas1934–1940
- Manuel Ávila Camacho1940–1946
Records (222)
- 1473 — Battle of TlatelolcoBattle
- 1480–1510 — Saltpeter WarWar
- 1519–1933 — Mexican Indian WarsWar
- 1519 — Battle of CentlaBattle
- 1519 — Battle of NautlaBattle
- 1520 — La Noche TristeBattle
- 1520 — Battle of OtumbaBattle
- 1520 — Massacre in the Great Temple of TenochtitlanMassacre
- 1520 — Battle of CempoalaBattle
- 1520 — Battle of TetzcocoBattle
- 1520 — Battle of NautlaBattle
- 1521 — Fall of TenochtitlanSiege
- 1521 — Battle of TacubaBattle
- 1521 — Battle of XaltocanBattle
- 1521 — Battle of YecapixtlaBattle
- 1531 — Battle of Loma del SangremalBattle
- 1568 — Battle of San Juan de UlúaNaval battle
- 1712 — Tzeltal Rebellion of 1712Rebellion
- 1757 — First Magdalena MassacreMassacre
- 1776 — Second Magdalena MassacreMassacre
- 1810 — Grito de DoloresRebellion
- 1810 — Batalla del Monte de las CrucesBattle
- 1810 — Capture of Alhóndiga de GranaditasBattle
- 1810 — Guanajuato MassacreMassacre
- 1811 — Battle of ZacatecasBattle
- 1811 — Battle of El VeladeroBattle
- 1811 — Battle of Puerto de CarrozaBattle
- 1812 — Siege of CuautlaSiege
- 1812 — Battle of Tenango del ValleBattle
- 1812 — Capture of OaxacaBattle
- 1812 — Capture of OrizabaBattle
- 1812 — Battle of ZitlalaBattle
- 1812 — Battle of ZitácuaroBattle
- 1812 — Battle of EscamelaBattle
- 1812 — Battle of IzúcarBattle
- 1812 — Siege of Huajuapan de LeónSiege
- 1813 — Battle of TenancingoBattle
- 1813 — Battle of La ChincúaBattle
- 1813 — Siege of AcapulcoSiege
- 1814 — Battle of PuruaránBattle
- 1817 — Battle of Valle de MaízBattle
- 1817 — Battle of San Diego de la UniónBattle
- 1817 — Siege of Soto la MarinaSiege
- 1821 — Plan of ayalaTreaty
- 1821–1822 — Treaty of CórdobaTreaty
- 1821–1829 — Spanish attempts to reconquer MexicoCampaign
- 1821 — Battle of AzcapotzalcoBattle
- 1821–1870 — Comanche–Mexico WarsWar
- 1821 — Siege of VeracruzSiege
- 1823 — Battle of AlmolongaBattle
- 1823 — Skull Creek massacreMassacre
- 1824 — Chumash Revolt of 1824Rebellion
- 1825 — Battle of San Juan de UluaBattle
- 1826–1827 — Fredonian RebellionRebellion
- 1828 — Battle of TulancingoBattle
- 1829 — Rebellion of the Reserve Army and Protector of the Constitution and LawsRebellion
- 1832 — Battle of San Agustín del Palmar (1832)Battle
- 1835 — Battle of GonzalesBattle
- 1835 — Battle of ZacatecasBattle
- 1835 — Ingham incidentNaval battle
- 1836 — Treaties of VelascoTreaty
- 1836 — Goliad massacreMassacre
- 1836 — Battle of MatamorosNaval battle
- 1838 — Battle of VeracruzNaval battle
- 1839 — Siege of TampicoSiege
- 1843 — Naval Battle of CampecheNaval battle
- 1846 — Battle of MonterreyBattle
- 1846 — Battle of Palo AltoBattle
- 1846 — Battle of Resaca de la PalmaBattle
- 1846 — Capture of Santa FeBattle
- 1846 — First Battle of TabascoBattle
- 1846 — Blockade of VeracruzBattle
- 1847 — Battle of ChapultepecBattle
- 1847–1901 — Caste War of YucatánWar
- 1847 — Siege of VeracruzBattle
- 1847 — Battle of Buena VistaBattle
- 1847 — Battle of ChurubuscoBattle
- 1847 — Battle of Molino del ReyBattle
- 1847 — Battle of ContrerasBattle
- 1847 — Battle of Mexico-cityBattle
- 1847 — Siege of PueblaBattle
- 1847 — Battle of the Sacramento RiverBattle
- 1847 — Battle of HuamantlaBattle
- 1847 — Battle of Santa ClaraBattle
- 1847 — First Battle of TuxpanBattle
- 1847 — Battle of La PazBattle
- 1847 — Battle of San José del CaboBattle
- 1847 — Revolt of the PolkosRebellion
- 1847 — Battle of MulegeBattle
- 1847 — Second Battle of TabascoBattle
- 1847 — Third Battle of TuxpanBattle
- 1847 — Second Battle of TuxpanBattle
- 1847 — Siege of La PazSiege
- 1848 — Treaty of Guadalupe HidalgoTreaty
- 1848 — Skirmish of Todos SantosBattle
- 1848 — Battle of Santa Cruz de RosalesBattle
- 1848 — Siege of San José del CaboSiege
- 1851 — Battle at Pozo HediondoBattle
- 1852 — Battle of HermosilloBattle
- 1853 — Gadsden PurchaseTreaty
- 1854 — revolution of AyutlaRevolution
- 1854 — Battle of GuaymasBattle
- 1857 — Crabb MassacreMassacre
- 1858 — Battle of IxtlahuacaBattle
- 1858 — Battle of AtenquiqueBattle
- 1858 — Battle of San JoaquínBattle
- 1858 — Battle of SalamancaBattle
- 1858 — Battle of GuadalajaraBattle
- 1858 — Battle of La AlbarradaBattle
- 1858 — Battle of AhualulcoBattle
- 1858 — Battle of CelayaBattle
- 1859 — Battle of TacubayaBattle
- 1859 — Battle of Estancia de las VacasBattle
- 1859 — Battle of Loma de las ÁnimasBattle
- 1859 — Battle of TlatempaBattle
- 1859 — First Siege of VeracruzSiege
- 1860 — Battle of Loma AltaBattle
- 1860 — Battle of PeñuelasBattle
- 1860 — Second Siege of VeracruzSiege
- 1861 — Reform WarWar
- 1861 — Battle of San Felipe del ObrajeBattle
- 1862 — Battle of PueblaBattle
- 1862 — Battle of AtlixcoBattle
- 1862 — Battle of Barranca SecaBattle
- 1862 — Battle of FortínBattle
- 1862 — Battle of Las CumbresBattle
- 1862 — Battle of Cerro del BorregoBattle
- 1863 — Battle of CamarónBattle
- 1863 — Siege of PueblaSiege
- 1863 — Battle of San LorenzoBattle
- 1863 — Battle of San Pablo del MonteBattle
- 1863 — Battle of AcapulcoBattle
- 1863 — Battle of Tampico (1863)Battle
- 1863 — Capture of MoreliaBattle
- 1863 — Capture of MoreliaBattle
- 1863 — Battle of Chiapa de CorzoBattle
- 1863 — Battle of GuanajuatoBattle
- 1864 — Battle of San PedroBattle
- 1864 — Battle of San Juan BautistaBattle
- 1864 — Capture of MazatlánBattle
- 1864 — Capture of MonterreyBattle
- 1864 — Capture of DurangoBattle
- 1865 — Battle of TacámbaroBattle
- 1865 — Battle of la LomaBattle
- 1865 — Battle of Parral (1865)Battle
- 1865 — Battle of AlamosBattle
- 1865–1867 — Sieges of OaxacaSiege
- 1866 — Battle of La CarboneraBattle
- 1866 — Battle of MiahuatlánBattle
- 1866 — Battle of GuayaboBattle
- 1866 — Battle of BagdadBattle
- 1866 — Battle of IxmiquilpanBattle
- 1866 — Battle of Santa Isabel (1866)Battle
- 1866 — Battle of ChihuahuaBattle
- 1866 — Siege of JonutaSiege
- 1867 — Siege of QuerétaroSiege
- 1867 — Battle of San Jacinto (1867)Battle
- 1867 — Third Battle of PueblaBattle
- 1867 — Siege of Mexico CitySiege
- 1870 — Battle of Boca TeacapanBattle
- 1876 — Battle of AcatzingoBattle
- 1876 — Tuxtepec revolutionRevolution
- 1878 — Lerdista Uprising of 1878Rebellion
- 1879–1880 — Victorio's WarWar
- 1882 — Tratado Herrera-MariscalTreaty
- 1885 — Barrios' War of ReunificationWar
- 1899 — Battle of La Angostura (1899)Battle
- 1900 — Battle of MazocobaBattle
- 1906 — Cananea strikeUprising
- 1906 — Acayucan RebellionRebellion
- 1907 — Río Blanco strikeUprising
- 1910–1920 — Mexican RevolutionWar
- 1911 — Magonista rebellion of 1911Rebellion
- 1911 — Torreón massacreMassacre
- 1911 — Battle of CuautlaBattle
- 1911 — Battle of Ciudad JuárezBattle
- 1911 — First Battle of Agua PrietaBattle
- 1911 — Capture of MexicaliBattle
- 1911 — First Battle of TijuanaBattle
- 1911 — Battle of Casas GrandesBattle
- 1912 — Second Battle of RellanoBattle
- 1912 — First Battle of RellanoBattle
- 1913 — Battle of Tierra BlancaBattle
- 1913 — Battle of NogalesBattle
- 1913 — Battle of NacoBattle
- 1913 — Battle of Ciudad JuárezBattle
- 1914 — Battle of ZacatecasBattle
- 1914 — Battle of San Pedro de las ColoniasBattle
- 1914 — Teoloyucan TreatiesTreaty
- 1914 — Third Battle of TopolobampoBattle
- 1914 — Second Battle of TopolobampoBattle
- 1914 — Fourth Battle of TopolobampoBattle
- 1914 — First Battle of TopolobampoBattle
- 1915 — Battle of CelayaBattle
- 1915 — Battle of NogalesBattle
- 1915 — Second Battle of Agua PrietaBattle
- 1916 — Battle of CarrizalBattle
- 1916 — Battle of GuerreroBattle
- 1916 — Third Battle of TorreónBattle
- 1916 — Santa Isabel massacreMassacre
- 1918 — Battle of Ambos NogalesBattle
- 1919 — Battle of Ciudad JuárezBattle
- 1923 — Bucareli agreementsTreaty
- 1924 — Siege of MoreliaSiege
- 1926–1929 — Cristero WarRebellion
- 1926 — Capture of Huejuquilla el AltoBattle
- 1927 — Battle of San JuliánBattle
- 1927 — Battle of Cerro del GalloBattle
- 1927 — Battle of the Hill of the CapulinBattle
- 1927 — Battle of CuquioBattle
- 1927 — Siege of TepatitlanSiege
- 1927 — Second Siege of TepatitlanSiege
- 1927 — Huitzilac massacreMassacre
- 1928 — Assault on ManzanilloBattle
- 1928 — Battle of Cerro de las PapasBattle
- 1929 — Escobar RebellionRebellion
- 1929 — Battle of TepatitlánBattle
- 1929 — Siege of NacoSiege
- 1929 — Battle of El FresnalBattle
- 1929 — Battle of JimenezBattle · Mexico ▸ Escobar Rebels
- 1931–1941 — Second Cristero WarWar
- 1935 — 1935 Revolution Day Zócalo BattleBattle
Facts from Wikidata (CC0), HCED (CC0) and Cliopatria (CC BY 4.0); overview excerpted from Wikipedia (CC BY-SA 4.0).