State

Kingdom of Gwynedd

kingdom in northwest Wales, 401–1283

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This boundary
401–1216 CE
Founded
401 CE
Ended
1216
Languages
Welsh
Religion
Celtic Christianity, Catholicism
Preceded by
sub-Roman Britain
Succeeded by
Principality of Wales

Overview

The Kingdom of Gwynedd was a Welsh kingdom which first appeared at the turn of the sixth century. Based in northwest Wales, the rulers of Gwynedd repeatedly rose to dominance and were acclaimed as "King of the Britons" before losing their power in civil wars or invasions. The kingdom of Gruffudd ap Llywelyn—the King of Wales from 1055 to 1063—was shattered by a Saxon invasion in 1063 just prior to the Norman invasion of Wales, but the House of Aberffraw restored by Gruffudd ap Cynan slowly recovered and Llywelyn the Great of Gwynedd was able to proclaim the Principality of Wales at the Aberdyfi gathering of Welsh princes in 1216. In 1277, the Treaty of Aberconwy between Edward I of England and Llywelyn's grandson Llywelyn ap Gruffudd granted peace between the two but would also guarantee that Welsh self-rule would end upon Llywelyn's death, and so it represented the completion of the first stage of the conquest of Wales by Edward I.

Excerpt from Wikipedia · CC BY-SA 4.0

All rulers (43)

  1. Cunedda450–460 CE
  2. Einion Yrth ap Cunedda450–500 CE
  3. Cadwallon Lawhir500–534 CE
  4. Maelgwn Gwynedd534–547 CE
  5. Rhun ap Maelgwn547–582 CE
  6. Beli ap Rhun582–599 CE
  7. Iago ap Beli599–613 CE
  8. Cadfan ab Iago613–625 CE
  9. Cadwallon ap Cadfan625–634 CE
  10. Cadafael Cadomedd ap Cynfeddw634–655 CE
  11. Cadwaladr655–682 CE
  12. Idwal Iwrch682–720 CE
  13. Rhodri Molwynog720–754 CE
  14. Caradog ap Meirion754–798 CE
  15. Cynan Dindaethwy798–816 CE
  16. Hywel ap Rhodri Molwynog816–825 CE
  17. Merfyn Frych825–844 CE
  18. Rhodri Mawr844–878 CE
  19. Anarawd ap Rhodri878–916 CE
  20. Idwal Foel916–942 CE
  21. Hywel Dda942–950 CE
  22. Ieuaf950–969 CE
  23. Iago ab Idwal950–979 CE
  24. Hywel ab Ieuaf979–985 CE
  25. Cadwallon ab Ieuaf985–986 CE
  26. Cynan ap Hywel999–1003 CE
  27. Aeddan ap Blegywryd1005–1018
  28. Llywelyn ap Seisyll1018–1023
  29. Iago ab Idwal ap Meurig1023–1039
  30. Gruffudd ap Llywelyn1039–1063
  31. Bleddyn ap Cynfyn1063–1075
  32. Rhiwallon ap Cynfyn1063–1069
  33. Trahaearn ap Caradog1075–1081
  34. Gruffudd ap Cynan1081–1137
  35. Owain Gwynedd1137–1170
  36. Maelgwn ab Owain Gwynedd1170–1195
  37. Rhodri ab Owain Gwynedd1170–1195
  38. Hywel ab Owain Gwynedd1170
  39. Dafydd ab Owain Gwynedd1170–1195
  40. Llywelyn ab Iorwerth1195–1240
  41. Dafydd ap Llywelyn1240–1246
  42. Owain Goch ap Gruffydd1246–1255
  43. Llywelyn ap Gruffudd1247–1282

Records (9)

  1. 634 CE — Battle of HeavenfieldBattle
  2. 1039 — Battle of Rhyd Y GroesBattle
  3. 1067–1165 — Norman invasion of WalesInvasion
  4. 1118 — Battle of Maes Maen CymroBattle
  5. 1157 — Battle of EwloeBattle
  6. 1165 — Battle of CrogenBattle
  7. 1255 — Battle of Bryn DerwynBattle · Llewellyn ap Griffith ▸ David and Owen the Red
  8. 1282 — Battle of Aber EdwBattle · England ▸ Wales
  9. 1282 — Battle of BangorBattle · Wales ▸ England

Facts from Wikidata (CC0), HCED (CC0) and Cliopatria (CC BY 4.0); overview excerpted from Wikipedia (CC BY-SA 4.0).

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