Ghassanids

The Ghassanids, also known as the Jafnids, were an Arab Christian kingdom. A confederation of Arab tribes based in the Levant, Genealogies trace their ancestry back to the Azd tribe of Arabia. They became clients of the Roman Empire, serving as foederati responsible for defending the eastern frontier of the empire against Bedouin raids and rival powers.

As Roman allies, the Ghassanids frequently fought against the Lakhmid kingdom, a rival Arab polity allied with the Sasanian Empire, and played a significant role in the Roman–Persian conflicts of late antiquity. During this period, they converted to Christianity and emerged as one of the most prominent Arab Christian groups in the pre-Islamic Near East.