State

Khwarazmian Empire

former empire in Central Asia

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This boundary
1077–1231
Founded
1077
Ended
1231
Government
absolutism, oligarchy
Languages
Persian

Overview

The Khwarazmian Empire (English: ), or simply Khwarazm, was a culturally Persianate, Sunni Muslim empire of Turkic mamluk origin, ruled by the Anushtegin dynasty. The Khwarazmian Empire ruled large parts of present-day Central Asia, Afghanistan, and Iran from 1077 to 1231; first as vassals of the Seljuk Empire and the Qara Khitai (Western Liao dynasty), and from circa 1190 as independent rulers up until the Mongol invasion in 1219–1221.

The date of the founding of the state remains debatable. The dynasty that ruled the empire was founded by Anush Tigin (Gharachai), initially a Turkic slave of the rulers of Gharchistan, later a Mamluk in the service of the Seljuks. However, it was under Ala ad-Din Atsiz (r. 1127–1156), a descendant of Anush Tigin, that Khwarazm became independent from its neighbors.

Excerpt from Wikipedia · CC BY-SA 4.0

Records (41)

  1. 1194 — Battle of RayBattle
  2. 1194 — Battle of Shahr ReyBattle · Khwarezmian Empire ▸ Seljuk Sultanate of Iran
  3. 1204 — Battle of AndkhudBattle
  4. 1204 — Battle of QarasuBattle
  5. 1204 — Siege of GurganjSiege
  6. 1205 — Battle of AndkhuiBattle · Khwarezmian Empire ▸ Afghanistan
  7. 1210 — Battle of Ilamish SteppeBattle
  8. 1219–1258 — Mongol invasion of Persia and MesopotamiaInvasion
  9. 1219–1220 — Otrar CatastropheSiege
  10. 1220 — Siege of Bukhara (1220)Siege
  11. 1220 — Siege of SamarkandSiege
  12. 1220–1221 — Siege of GurganjSiege
  13. 1220–1221 — Siege of NishapurSiege
  14. 1220–1221 — Mongol invasion of KhorasanInvasion
  15. 1220 — Siege of KhujandSiege
  16. 1220 — Siege of of RaySiege
  17. 1220 — invasion of Armenia by Jalal al-DinInvasion
  18. 1221 — Battle of IndusBattle
  19. 1221 — Battle of ParwanBattle
  20. 1221 — Siege of BamyanSiege
  21. 1221 — Siege of MervSiege
  22. 1221–1222 — Siege of HeratSiege
  23. 1221 — Siege of TaliqanSiege
  24. 1221 — Sack of BalkhSiege
  25. 1221 — Siege of TermezSiege
  26. 1221 — Siege of JandSiege
  27. 1221 — Siege of UstunavandSiege
  28. 1222 — Battle of UchaBattle
  29. 1222 — Siege of GhazniSiege
  30. 1223 — Battle of GorganBattle
  31. 1224 — Battle of RayBattle
  32. 1225 — Battle of GarniBattle
  33. 1225–1229 — Khwarazmian campaigns in GeorgiaCampaign
  34. 1225 — Siege of TabrizSiege
  35. 1225 — Siege of ShushtarSiege
  36. 1226 — Siege of TbilisiSiege
  37. 1228 — Battle of BolnisiBattle
  38. 1228 — Siege of IsfahanSiege
  39. 1230 — Battle of YassıçemenBattle
  40. 1231 — Battle of AmidBattle
  41. 1231 — Battle of ShirkabutBattle

Facts from Wikidata (CC0), HCED (CC0) and Cliopatria (CC BY 4.0); overview excerpted from Wikipedia (CC BY-SA 4.0).

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