State

Sparta

city and city-state in ancient Greece

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This boundary
900–192 BCE
Founded
900 BCE
Ended
192 BCE
Government
oligarchy, republic
Languages
Ancient Greek
Religion
Ancient Greek religion

Overview

Sparta was a prominent ancient Greek polis in Laconia. In classical antiquity, the state was known as Lacedaemon (Λακεδαίμων, Lakedaímōn), while Sparta referred to its capital, a group of villages in the valley of the Evrotas River in Laconia, in southeastern Peloponnese. During the 7th century BC, it rose to become the most prominent land military power in the Greek world, a status it retained until its defeat at Leuctra in 371 BC.

In the 6th century BC Sparta founded the Peloponnesian League, establishing its hegemony over most of Peloponnese. During the second Persian invasion of Greece, Sparta was recognised as the leading land force of the Hellenic alliance that also included the rising maritime power of Athens. The Spartan army was crucial in the battles of Thermopylae and Plataea under the leadership of Leonidas and Pausanias respectively.

Excerpt from Wikipedia · CC BY-SA 4.0

All rulers (13)

  1. Agasicles575–550 BCE
  2. Ariston of Sparta560–510 BCE
  3. Leonidas I491–480 BCE
  4. Archidamus II476–427 BCE
  5. Pleistoanax458–408 BCE
  6. Pausanias445–395 BCE
  7. Agesipolis I394–380 BCE
  8. Agesipolis II371–369 BCE
  9. Cleomenes II370–309 BCE
  10. Archidamus III360–338 BCE
  11. Agis IV245–241 BCE
  12. Eudamidas III241–228 BCE
  13. Agesipolis III219–215 BCE

Records (44)

  1. 801 BCE — Battle of HelosBattle
  2. 743–724 BCE — First Messenian WarWar
  3. 685–668 BCE — Second Messenian WarWar
  4. 671 BCE — Battle of the Boar's GraveBattle
  5. 669 BCE — Battle of HysiaeBattle
  6. 668–601 BCE — Olympic conflictWar
  7. 551 BCE — Battle of the FettersBattle
  8. 550 BCE — Battle of TegeaBattle
  9. 547 BCE — Battle of ChampionsBattle · Sparta ▸ Argive
  10. 546 BCE — Battle of the 300 ChampionsBattle
  11. 494 BCE — Battle of SepeiaBattle
  12. 480 BCE — Battle of ArtemisiumNaval battle
  13. 480–479 BCE — Second Persian invasion of GreeceWar
  14. 471 BCE — Battle of DipaeaBattle
  15. 457 BCE — Battle of TanagraBattle
  16. 449–448 BCE — Second Sacred WarWar
  17. 425 BCE — Battle of Pylos-SphacteriaBattle · Athens ▸ Sparta
  18. 411 BCE — Battle of AbydosNaval battle
  19. 411 BCE — Battle of CynossemaNaval battle
  20. 411 BCE — Battle of SymeNaval battle
  21. 409–408 BCE — Siege of ChalcedonSiege
  22. 401–399 BCE — Elean WarWar
  23. 399–387 BCE — Spartan–Persian WarWar
  24. 395–387 BCE — Corinthian WarWar
  25. 395 BCE — Battle of SardisBattle
  26. 394 BCE — Battle of CoroneaBattle
  27. 387 BCE — Peace of AntalcidasTreaty
  28. 385 BCE — Illyrian invasion of EpirusInvasion
  29. 382–379 BCE — First Olynthian WarWar
  30. 375 BCE — Battle of AlyzeiaNaval battle
  31. 371 BCE — Battle of LeuctraBattle
  32. 368 BCE — Battle without tearsBattle
  33. 356–346 BCE — Third Sacred WarWar
  34. 334–331 BCE — War of AgisWar
  35. 272 BCE — Siege of SpartaSiege
  36. 267–261 BCE — Chremonidean WarWar
  37. 263 BCE — Battle of MegalopolisBattle
  38. 229–222 BCE — Cleomenean WarWar
  39. 220–217 BCE — Social War of 220-217 BCEWar
  40. 214–205 BCE — First Macedonian WarWar
  41. 207 BCE — Battle of MantineaBattle
  42. 205–200 BCE — Cretan War of 205-200 BCEWar
  43. 195 BCE — War against NabisWar
  44. 195 BCE — Battle of GythiumBattle

Facts from Wikidata (CC0), HCED (CC0) and Cliopatria (CC BY 4.0); overview excerpted from Wikipedia (CC BY-SA 4.0).

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