State

Peru

sovereign state in South America

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This boundary
1821–1945
Founded
1821
Capital
Lima
Government
presidential system
Languages
Spanish, Aymara, Quechua
Preceded by
Protectorate of San Martín

Overview

Peru, officially the Republic of Peru, is a country in western South America. It is bordered to the north by Ecuador and Colombia, to the east by Brazil, to the southeast by Bolivia, to the south by Chile, and to the south and west by the Pacific Ocean. Peru is a megadiverse country, with habitats ranging from the arid plains of the Pacific coastal region in the west, to the peaks of the Andes mountains extending from the north to the southeast of the country, to the tropical Amazon basin rainforest in the east with the Amazon River. Peru has a population of over 32 million, and its capital and largest city is Lima. At 1,285,216 km2 (496,225 sq mi), Peru is the 19th largest country in the world, and the third largest in South America.

Excerpt from Wikipedia · CC BY-SA 4.0

All rulers (40)

  1. José de San Martín1821–1822
  2. José de la Riva Agüero1823
  3. Antonio José de Sucre1823
  4. Simón Bolívar1824–1827
  5. Andrés de Santa Cruz1827
  6. Agustín Gamarra1829–1833
  7. Agustín Gamarra1839–1841
  8. Juan Francisco de Vidal1842–1843
  9. Juan Crisóstomo Torrico1842
  10. Manuel Ignacio de Vivanco1843–1844
  11. Ramón Castilla1844
  12. José Rufino Echenique1851–1855
  13. Mariano Ignacio Prado1865
  14. José Balta1868–1872
  15. Tomás Gutiérrez1872
  16. Manuel Pardo1872–1876
  17. Mariano Ignacio Prado1876–1879
  18. Francisco García Calderón1881
  19. Andrés Avelino Cáceres1883
  20. Andrés Avelino Cáceres1886–1890
  21. Remigio Morales Bermúdez1890–1894
  22. Andrés Avelino Cáceres1894–1895
  23. Eduardo López de Romaña1899–1903
  24. José Pardo y Barreda1904–1908
  25. Serapio Calderón1904
  26. Augusto Leguía1908–1912
  27. Guillermo Billinghurst1912–1914
  28. Óscar R. Benavides1914–1915
  29. José Pardo y Barreda1915–1919
  30. Augusto Leguía1919–1930
  31. Manuel María Ponce Brousset1930
  32. Luis Miguel Sánchez Cerro1930–1931
  33. Gustavo Jiménez1931
  34. Ricardo Leoncio Elías Arias1931
  35. David Samanez Ocampo1931
  36. Luis Miguel Sánchez Cerro1931–1933
  37. Mariano Holguín1931
  38. Óscar R. Benavides1933–1939
  39. Manuel Prado Ugarteche1939–1945
  40. José Luis Bustamante y Rivero1945–1948

Records (120)

  1. 1230 — Siege of MacunsaSiege
  2. 1350 — Punta Lobos massacreMassacre
  3. 1438 — Battle of YahuarpampaBattle
  4. 1438 — Battle of CuscoBattle
  5. 1438 — Battle of JaquixahuanaBattle
  6. 1452 — Cajamarca–Inca WarWar
  7. 1532 — Battle of CajamarcaBattle
  8. 1532 — Battle of HuanucopampaBattle
  9. 1533 — Battle of CuscoBattle
  10. 1534 — Battle of MaraycallaBattle
  11. 1534 — Battle of the Yacus RiverBattle
  12. 1536–1537 — Siege of CuscoSiege
  13. 1536 — Siege of LimaSiege
  14. 1537 — Battle of OllantaytamboBattle
  15. 1537 — Battle of AbancayBattle
  16. 1537 — Battle of UrcosBattle
  17. 1538 — Battle of Las SalinasBattle
  18. 1542 — Battle of ChupasBattle
  19. 1544–1548 — Great Encomendero UprisingRebellion
  20. 1548 — Battle of JaquijahuanaBattle
  21. 1742–1752 — Juan Santos RebellionRebellion
  22. 1780–1783 — Rebellion of Túpac Amaru IIRebellion
  23. 1780 — Battle of SangararáBattle
  24. 1781 — Battle of PucacasaBattle
  25. 1781 — Battle of CondorcuyoBattle
  26. 1800 — 18th-century protests and rebellions in the Viceroyalty of PeruRebellion
  27. 1811 — 1811 Tacna rebellionRebellion
  28. 1814 — Cuzco RebellionRebellion
  29. 1814 — Battle of HuantaBattle
  30. 1820 — Battle of Cerro de PascoBattle
  31. 1820 — Battle of HuancayoBattle
  32. 1821 — First Siege of CallaoSiege
  33. 1821 — Battle of Higos UrcoBattle
  34. 1822 — Battle of PichinchaBattle
  35. 1822 — Battle of IcaBattle
  36. 1822 — Battle of La VentanaBattle
  37. 1823 — Battle of ZepitaBattle
  38. 1823 — Battle of MoqueguaBattle
  39. 1823 — Battle of TorataBattle
  40. 1824 — Battle of AyacuchoBattle
  41. 1824 — Battle of JunínBattle
  42. 1824 — Battle of CorpahuaicoBattle
  43. 1824–1826 — Second Siege of CallaoSiege
  44. 1824 — Battle of BellavistaBattle
  45. 1824 — Battle of CallaoNaval battle
  46. 1825–1828 — Iquicha WarWar
  47. 1827 — Battle of AyacuchoBattle
  48. 1828–1829 — Gran Colombia–Peru WarWar
  49. 1828 — 1828 Peruvian–Bolivian WarInvasion
  50. 1828 — Treaty of PiquizaTreaty
  51. 1829 — Girón AccordTreaty
  52. 1830 — Pedemonte-Mosquera ProtocolTreaty
  53. 1832 — Pando–Noboa TreatyTreaty
  54. 1834 — Peruvian Civil War of 1834War
  55. 1834 — Battle of HuaylacuchoBattle
  56. 1835–1836 — Salaverry-Santa Cruz WarWar
  57. 1835–1836 — Peruvian Pacification WarWar
  58. 1836–1839 — War of the ConfederationWar
  59. 1836 — Capture of Confederate shipsNaval battle
  60. 1837 — Battle of San Lorenzo islandNaval battle
  61. 1838 — Battle of Portada de GuíasBattle
  62. 1838 — Battle of Llaclla BridgeBattle
  63. 1838 — Battle of CallaoBattle
  64. 1838 — Third Siege of CallaoSiege
  65. 1838 — Battle of Cerro de la SierpeBattle
  66. 1838 — Capture of the schooner PeruvianaNaval battle
  67. 1839 — Battle of YungayBattle
  68. 1839 — Battle of CasmaNaval battle
  69. 1839 — Battle of BuinBattle
  70. 1841–1842 — Guerra de la Union y la FuerzaWar
  71. 1842 — Tratado de PunoTreaty
  72. 1842 — Battle of Agua SantaBattle
  73. 1843–1844 — Peruvian Civil War of 1843-1844War
  74. 1844 — Battle of Carmen AltoBattle
  75. 1851 — Fluvial Convention on Commerce and Navigation between the Republic of Peru and the Empire of BrazilTreaty
  76. 1853–1855 — Liberal Revolution of 1854War
  77. 1855 — Battle of La PalmaBattle
  78. 1856–1858 — Peruvian Civil War of 1856-1858War
  79. 1857–1860 — Ecuadorian–Peruvian War of 1857–1860War
  80. 1857–1858 — Siege of ArequipaBattle
  81. 1860 — Treaty of MapasingueTreaty
  82. 1864–1866 — Chincha Islands WarWar
  83. 1865 — Peruvian Civil War of 1865War
  84. 1866 — Battle of CallaoBattle
  85. 1867–1868 — Peruvian Civil War of 1867War
  86. 1879–1884 — War of the PacificWar
  87. 1879 — Battle of IquiqueNaval battle
  88. 1879 — Battle of San FranciscoBattle
  89. 1879 — Naval Campaign of the War of the PacificCampaign
  90. 1879 — Capture of the corvette PilcomayoNaval battle
  91. 1879 — Capture of the steamer RímacNaval battle
  92. 1879 — Second Battle of IquiqueNaval battle
  93. 1880 — Battle of TacnaBattle
  94. 1880 — Battle of AricaNaval battle
  95. 1880 — Rupture of the Blockade of AricaNaval battle
  96. 1880 — Battle of Los ÁngelesBattle
  97. 1880 — Battle of El ManzanoBattle
  98. 1880 — Battle of BuenavistaBattle
  99. 1880 — Lynch ExpeditionCampaign
  100. 1881 — Battle of MirafloresBattle
  101. 1881 — Battle of SángrarBattle
  102. 1882 — Battle of La ConcepciónBattle
  103. 1883 — Treaty of AncónTreaty
  104. 1884–1885 — Peruvian Civil War of 1884–1885War
  105. 1890 — García–Herrera TreatyTreaty
  106. 1894–1895 — Peruvian Civil War of 1894–1895War
  107. 1904 — Battle of Torres CausanaBattle
  108. 1909 — Velarde-Río Branco TreatyTreaty
  109. 1911 — Battle of La PedreraBattle
  110. 1929 — Treaty of LimaTreaty
  111. 1932–1933 — Colombian-Peruvian WarWar
  112. 1933 — Battle of TarapacáBattle
  113. 1933 — Battle of Buenos AiresBattle
  114. 1933 — Battle of GueppiBattle · Colombia ▸ Peru
  115. 1941 — Battle of JambelíNaval battle
  116. 1941 — Battle of ZarumillaBattle
  117. 1941 — Battle of Pantoja and RocafuerteBattle
  118. 1942 — Ecuadorian–Peruvian WarWar
  119. 1942 — Rio ProtocolTreaty
  120. 1945 — Battle of FrankfurtBattle

Facts from Wikidata (CC0), HCED (CC0) and Cliopatria (CC BY 4.0); overview excerpted from Wikipedia (CC BY-SA 4.0).

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