State

Italy

country in southern Europe

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This boundary
476–1945 CE
Founded
476 CE
Capital
Rome, Florence, Turin
Government
parliamentary republic, unitary state
Languages
Italian
Preceded by
Kingdom of Italy

Overview

Italy, officially the Italian Republic, is a country in Southern and Western Europe. It consists of a peninsula, which extends into the Mediterranean Sea, with the Alps on its northern land border, as well as nearly 800 islands, notably Sicily and Sardinia. Italy shares land borders with France to the west; Switzerland and Austria to the north; Slovenia to the east; and the two enclaves of Vatican City and San Marino. It is the tenth-largest country in Europe by area, covering 301,340 km2 (116,350 sq mi), and the third-most populous member state of the European Union, with nearly 59 million inhabitants. Rome is the capital of Italy; other major cities include Milan, Naples, Turin, Palermo, Bologna, Florence, Genoa, Bari, and Venice.

Excerpt from Wikipedia · CC BY-SA 4.0

All rulers (45)

  1. Mariano Stabile1861–1863
  2. Giulio Benso Sammartino1863–1867
  3. Niccolò Turrisi Colonna1867–1878
  4. Francesco Paolo Perez1878–1879
  5. Salesio Balsano1879–1881
  6. Giovanni Maurigi1881
  7. Francesco Lanza Spinelli di Scalea1882–1886
  8. Pietro Delle Favare1886–1898
  9. Diogene Valotti1889–1891
  10. Vittorio Valeri1889–1904
  11. Pandolfo Bargagli Petrucci1889–1894
  12. Piero Puccioni1889–1892
  13. Angelo Manzini1891–1893
  14. Niccolò Nobili1892–1900
  15. Giovanni Quistini1893–1895
  16. Flaminio Pollini1894–1906
  17. Pietro Frugoni1895–1903
  18. Emanuele Paternò1898–1914
  19. Antonio Del Pela1900–1902
  20. Carlo Municchi1902–1906
  21. Bortolo Benedini1903–1904
  22. Giuliano Corniani1904–1908
  23. Armando Pastorelli1904–1916
  24. Carlo Ballati Nerli1906–1914
  25. Donato Fossati1908–1924
  26. Fabio Guidi1911–1920
  27. Mario Bianchi Bandinelli1914–1920
  28. Francesco Paolo Tesauro1914–1919
  29. Arturo Pallini1916–1920
  30. Sebastiano Del Buono1920–1921
  31. Arrigo Gianni1920–1923
  32. Giò Batta Santini1920–1922
  33. Giuseppe Pennella1921–1922
  34. Arturo Pallini1922–1927
  35. Luigi Pieraccini1923–1924
  36. Giovanni Corsi1923–1926
  37. Luigi Rugani1924–1928
  38. Angiolo Badiani1924–1926
  39. Fernando Bartolini1924–1928
  40. Giovanni Magrassi1944–1947
  41. Mario Augusto Martini1944–1945
  42. Aldo Fascetti1944–1948
  43. Alessandro Bocconi1944–1946
  44. Arturo Reggio1945–1951
  45. Ezio Donatini1945–1948

Records (908)

  1. 741 BCE — Battle of FidenaeBattle
  2. 731 BCE — Battle of CameriaBattle
  3. 701 BCE — Battle of FidenaeBattle
  4. 600 BCE — Battle of the Ticino RiverBattle
  5. 524 BCE — Battle of CumaeBattle
  6. 524 BCE — Battle of CumaeBattle
  7. 509 BCE — Battle of Silva ArsiaBattle
  8. 508 BCE — War between Clusium and AriciaBattle
  9. 504 BCE — Battle of FidenaeBattle
  10. 503 BCE — Battle of PometiaBattle
  11. 497 BCE — Battle of Lake RegillusBattle
  12. 487 BCE — Battle of PraenesteBattle
  13. 487 BCE — Battle of VelletriBattle
  14. 484 BCE — Battle of AntiumBattle
  15. 484 BCE — Battle of LongulaBattle
  16. 480 BCE — Battle of HimeraBattle
  17. 480 BCE — Battle of VeiiBattle
  18. 477 BCE — Battle of the CremeraBattle
  19. 476 BCE — Battle of the JaniculumBattle
  20. 475 BCE — Battle of VeiiBattle
  21. 474 BCE — Battle of CumaeNaval battle
  22. 468 BCE — Battle of AntiumBattle
  23. 458 BCE — Battle of Mount AlgidusBattle
  24. 451 BCE — Battle of MotyaBattle
  25. 450 BCE — Battle of NomaeBattle
  26. 446 BCE — Battle of CorbioBattle
  27. 446 BCE — War between Akragas and SyracuseWar
  28. 437 BCE — Battle of FidenaeBattle
  29. 435 BCE — Capture of FidenaeBattle
  30. 431–404 BCE — Peloponnesian WarWar
  31. 426 BCE — Battle of FidenaeBattle
  32. 415–413 BCE — Siege of SyracuseSiege
  33. 413 BCE — Battle of Assinaros riverBattle
  34. 409 BCE — Battle of HimeraBattle
  35. 409 BCE — Battle of SelinusBattle
  36. 406–396 BCE — Battle of VeiiBattle
  37. 406 BCE — Siege of AkragasSiege
  38. 406 BCE — Battle of the Himera RiverBattle
  39. 405 BCE — Battle of GelaBattle
  40. 398 BCE — Siege of MotyaSiege
  41. 397 BCE — Battle of CatanaNaval battle
  42. 397 BCE — Battle of MesseneBattle
  43. 397 BCE — Siege of SyracuseSiege
  44. 397 BCE — Siege of SegestaSiege
  45. 394 BCE — Siege of TauromeniumSiege
  46. 393 BCE — Battle of AbacaenumBattle
  47. 390 BCE — Sack of RomeSiege
  48. 390 BCE — Siege of ClusiumSiege
  49. 389–388 BCE — Roman-Aequian WarsWar
  50. 389 BCE — Battle of the ElleporusBattle
  51. 387 BCE — Battle of the AlliaBattle
  52. 387 BCE — Battle of Capitoline HillBattle
  53. 386 BCE — Siege of RhegiumSiege
  54. 368 BCE — Siege of LilybaeumSiege
  55. 361 BCE — Battle of the Anio RiverBattle
  56. 360 BCE — Battle of the AnieneBattle
  57. 358 BCE — Battle of PedumBattle
  58. 344 BCE — Battle of AdranonBattle
  59. 343 BCE — Battle of SuessulaBattle
  60. 343 BCE — Siege of SyracuseSiege
  61. 342 BCE — Battle of Mount GaurusBattle
  62. 342 BCE — Battle of SaticulaBattle
  63. 341 BCE — Battle of the CrimissusBattle
  64. 340 BCE — Battle of TrifanumBattle
  65. 340 BCE — Battle of VesuviusBattle
  66. 338 BCE — Battle of PedumBattle
  67. 331 BCE — Battle of PandosiaBattle
  68. 327 BCE — Capture of NeapolisBattle
  69. 321 BCE — Battle of the Caudine ForksBattle
  70. 315 BCE — Battle of LautulaeBattle
  71. 313–312 BCE — Siege of MessinaSiege
  72. 312 BCE — Siege of Centuripe and GalariaSiege
  73. 311 BCE — Battle of HimeraBattle
  74. 311–309 BCE — Siege of SyracuseSiege
  75. 311–306 BCE — Third Greco-Carthaginian WarWar
  76. 310 BCE — Battle of Lake VadimoBattle
  77. 307 BCE — Massacre of SegestaMassacre
  78. 305 BCE — Battle of BovianumBattle
  79. 305 BCE — Battle of TorgiumBattle
  80. 297 BCE — Battle of TifernumBattle
  81. 295 BCE — Battle of SentinumBattle
  82. 295 BCE — Battle of CamerinumBattle
  83. 295 BCE — Capture of CrotoneBattle
  84. 293 BCE — Battle of AquiloniaBattle
  85. 284 BCE — Battle of ArretiumBattle
  86. 283 BCE — Battle of Lake VadimoBattle
  87. 282 BCE — Battle of PopuloniaBattle
  88. 280 BCE — Battle of HeracleaBattle
  89. 280 BCE — Battle of ThuriiBattle
  90. 279 BCE — Battle of AsculumBattle
  91. 279 BCE — Battle of the TeriaBattle
  92. 278 BCE — Siege of SyracuseSiege
  93. 277 BCE — Siege of EryxSiege
  94. 277 BCE — Battle of KrotonBattle
  95. 277 BCE — Siege of EryxSiege
  96. 276 BCE — Siege of LilybaeumSiege
  97. 276 BCE — Battle of the Strait of MessinaBattle
  98. 275 BCE — Battle of BeneventumBattle
  99. 269 BCE — Battle of the Longanus RiverBattle
  100. 269–268 BCE — Picentine WarWar
  101. 264 BCE — Battle of MessanaBattle
  102. 261 BCE — Battle of AgrigentumBattle
  103. 261 BCE — Siege of MytistratonSiege
  104. 260 BCE — Battle of MylaeNaval battle
  105. 258 BCE — Battle of SulciNaval battle
  106. 257 BCE — Battle of TyndarisNaval battle
  107. 254 BCE — Battle of PalermoBattle
  108. 251 BCE — Battle of PanormusBattle
  109. 250–241 BCE — Siege of LilybaeumSiege
  110. 249 BCE — Battle of DrepanaNaval battle
  111. 249–241 BCE — Siege of DrepanaSiege
  112. 249–241 BCE — Battle of Mount EriceBattle
  113. 243 BCE — Second Battle of DrepanaBattle
  114. 241 BCE — Battle of the Aegates IslandsNaval battle
  115. 225 BCE — Battle of TelamonBattle
  116. 225 BCE — Battle of FaesulaeBattle
  117. 222 BCE — Battle of ClastidiumBattle
  118. 222 BCE — Siege of MilanSiege
  119. 218 BCE — Battle of the TrebiaBattle
  120. 218 BCE — Battle of TicinusBattle
  121. 218 BCE — Battle of LilybaeumNaval battle
  122. 218 BCE — Siege of MutinaSiege
  123. 217 BCE — Battle of Lake TrasimeneBattle
  124. 217 BCE — Battle of GeroniumBattle
  125. 217 BCE — Battle of Ager FalernusBattle
  126. 217 BCE — Battle of PlaisanceBattle
  127. 216 BCE — Battle of CannaeBattle
  128. 216 BCE — Battle of NolaBattle
  129. 216 BCE — Battle of Silva LitanaBattle
  130. 216 BCE — Siege of CasilinumSiege
  131. 216–215 BCE — Siege of PeteliaSiege
  132. 216 BCE — Siege of Nuceria AlfaternaSiege
  133. 216 BCE — Siege of AcerraSiege
  134. 215 BCE — Battle of NolaBattle
  135. 215 BCE — Battle of CornusBattle
  136. 215 BCE — Battle of CumaeBattle
  137. 214–212 BCE — Siege of SyracuseSiege
  138. 214 BCE — Battle of NolaBattle
  139. 214 BCE — Battle of BeneventumBattle
  140. 213 BCE — Siege of ArpiSiege
  141. 212 BCE — Battle of the SilarusBattle
  142. 212 BCE — Battle of CapuaBattle
  143. 212 BCE — Battle of HerdoniaBattle
  144. 212 BCE — Battle of TarentumBattle
  145. 212 BCE — Battle of BeneventumBattle
  146. 212 BCE — Second Battle of BeneventumBattle
  147. 212 BCE — First Battle of TarentumBattle
  148. 212–211 BCE — Siege of CapuaSiege
  149. 211 BCE — Battle of CapuaBattle
  150. 210 BCE — Battle of HerdoniaBattle
  151. 210 BCE — Battle of NumistroBattle
  152. 210 BCE — Siege of AgrigentoSiege
  153. 209 BCE — Battle of CanusiumBattle
  154. 209 BCE — Battle of TarentumBattle
  155. 209 BCE — Second Battle of TarentumBattle
  156. 208 BCE — Battle of PeteliaBattle
  157. 207 BCE — Battle of the MetaurusBattle
  158. 207 BCE — Battle of GrumentumBattle
  159. 204 BCE — Battle of CrotonaBattle
  160. 203 BCE — Po Valley RaidBattle
  161. 200 BCE — Battle of CremonaBattle
  162. 173 BCE — Battle of CarystumBattle
  163. 135–132 BCE — First Servile WarWar
  164. 101 BCE — Battle of VercellaeBattle
  165. 91–88 BCE — Social War of 91-87 BCEWar
  166. 90 BCE — Battle of the Tolenus RiverBattle
  167. 90 BCE — Battle of FirmumBattle
  168. 89 BCE — Battle of AsculumBattle
  169. 89 BCE — Battle of Fucine LakeBattle
  170. 83–81 BCE — Sulla's Civil WarWar
  171. 82 BCE — Battle of the Colline GateBattle
  172. 82 BCE — Battle of SacriportoBattle
  173. 82 BCE — Battle of FaventiaBattle
  174. 82 BCE — First Battle of ClusiumBattle
  175. 82 BCE — Second Battle of ClusiumBattle
  176. 82 BCE — Battle of FidentiaBattle
  177. 82 BCE — Battle of Sena GallicaBattle
  178. 82 BCE — Battle of SpoletiumBattle
  179. 82 BCE — Battle of the EsinoBattle
  180. 73 BCE — Battle of Mount VesuviusBattle
  181. 72 BCE — Battle of Mount GarganoBattle
  182. 72 BCE — Battle of ModenaBattle
  183. 72 BCE — Battle of PicenumBattle
  184. 71 BCE — Battle of the Silarius RiverBattle
  185. 71 BCE — Battle of CantennaBattle
  186. 71 BCE — Battle of the Crassus' WallBattle
  187. 71 BCE — Battle of PetiliaBattle
  188. 62 BCE — Battle of PistoriaBattle
  189. 49 BCE — Siege of CorfiniumSiege
  190. 43 BCE — Battle of MatinaBattle
  191. 43 BCE — Battle of Forum GallorumBattle
  192. 42–36 BCE — Bellum SiculumWar
  193. 41–40 BCE — Battle of PerugiaBattle
  194. 38 BCE — Battle of CumaeNaval battle
  195. 36 BCE — Battle of NaulochusNaval battle
  196. 36 BCE — Battle of MylaeNaval battle
  197. 36 BCE — Battle of TauromeniumNaval battle
  198. 49 CE — Siege of BrundisiumSiege
  199. 69 CE — Battles of BedriacumBattle
  200. 69 CE — Second Battle of BedriacumBattle
  201. 69 CE — First Battle of BedriacumBattle
  202. 69 CE — Battle of Locus CastrorumBattle
  203. 69 CE — Siege of PiacenzaSiege
  204. 69 CE — Battle of RomeBattle
  205. 69 CE — Siege of the Capitoline HillSiege
  206. 69 CE — Siege of CrémoneSiege
  207. 69 CE — Siege of TerracineSiege
  208. 238 CE — Siege of AquileiaSiege
  209. 249 CE — Battle of VeronaBattle
  210. 253 CE — Battle of Interamna NaharsBattle
  211. 253 CE — Battle of SpoletoBattle
  212. 259 CE — Battle of MediolanumBattle
  213. 268 CE — Battle of Lake BenacusBattle
  214. 268 CE — Siege of MediolanumSiege
  215. 271 CE — Battle of FanoBattle
  216. 271 CE — Battle of PaviaBattle
  217. 271 CE — Battle of PlacentiaBattle
  218. 312 CE — Battle of the Milvian BridgeBattle
  219. 312 CE — Battle of VeronaBattle
  220. 312 CE — Battle of TurinBattle
  221. 312 CE — Battle of BresciaBattle
  222. 312 CE — Siege of SegusioSiege
  223. 340 CE — Battle of AquileiaBattle
  224. 388 CE — Siege of l'AquiléeSiege
  225. 402 CE — Battle of PollentiaBattle
  226. 402 CE — Battle of VeronaBattle
  227. 402 CE — Siege of AstiBattle
  228. 402 CE — Siege of MediolanumSiege
  229. 405 CE — Siege of FlorenceSiege
  230. 408 CE — Siege of NarniSiege
  231. 409 CE — Battle of the Via FlaminiaBattle
  232. 409 CE — Battle of OstiaBattle
  233. 410 CE — Siege of RavennaSiege
  234. 432 CE — Battle of RavennaBattle
  235. 456 CE — Battle of AgrigentumBattle
  236. 457 CE — Battle of GariglianoBattle
  237. 458 CE — Battle of SinuessaBattle
  238. 464 CE — Battle of BergamoBattle
  239. 472 CE — Siege of RomeSiege
  240. 475 CE — Battle of RavennaBattle
  241. 476 CE — Battle of RavennaBattle
  242. 476 CE — Battle of PaviaBattle
  243. 489 CE — Battle of IsonzoBattle
  244. 489 CE — Battle of VeronaBattle
  245. 489–490 CE — Siege of PaviaSiege
  246. 490–493 CE — Siege of RavennaBattle
  247. 490 CE — Battle of the Adda RiverBattle
  248. 490 CE — Battle of FaenzaBattle
  249. 533–534 CE — Vandalic WarWar
  250. 535 CE — Siege of PanormusSiege
  251. 536 CE — Siege of NaplesSiege
  252. 537–538 CE — Siege of RomeSiege
  253. 538 CE — Siege of AriminumSiege
  254. 538 CE — Siege of UrbinusSiege
  255. 538–539 CE — Siege of MilanSiege
  256. 538 CE — Battle of PaviaBattle
  257. 539–540 CE — Siege of RavennaSiege
  258. 539 CE — Siege of AuximusSiege
  259. 541 CE — Siege of VeronaSiege
  260. 541 CE — Battle of TrevisoBattle
  261. 542 CE — Battle of FaventiaBattle
  262. 542–543 CE — Siege of NaplesSiege
  263. 542 CE — Battle of MucelliumBattle
  264. 546 CE — Sack of RomeBattle
  265. 548 CE — Siege of RossanoSiege
  266. 549–550 CE — Siege of RomeSiege
  267. 551 CE — Battle of Sena GallicaNaval battle
  268. 552 CE — Battle of Mons LactariusBattle
  269. 552 CE — Battle of TaginaeBattle
  270. 552–553 CE — Siege of CumaeSiege
  271. 553 CE — Siege of UrviventusSiege
  272. 554 CE — Battle of the VolturnusBattle
  273. 569–572 CE — Siege of PaviaSiege
  274. 590 CE — Siege of PaviaSiege
  275. 601 CE — Siege of PaduaSiege
  276. 603 CE — Siege of CremonaSiege
  277. 643 CE — Battle of the ScultennaBattle
  278. 663 CE — Battle of ForinoBattle
  279. 663 CE — Battle of SipontoBattle
  280. 689 CE — Battle of CoronateBattle
  281. 717 CE — Battle of CumaeBattle
  282. 729 CE — Battle of RavennaBattle
  283. 755 CE — Siege of PaviaSiege
  284. 773–774 CE — Siege of PaviaSiege
  285. 773 CE — Battle of Chiusa di San MicheleBattle
  286. 809 CE — Battle of ComacchioNaval battle
  287. 827–828 CE — Siege of SyracuseSiege
  288. 827 CE — Battle of Mazara del ValloBattle
  289. 830–831 CE — Siege of PalermoSiege
  290. 835 CE — Battle of EnnaBattle
  291. 840 CE — Battle of TarantoNaval battle
  292. 842–843 CE — Siege of MessinaSiege
  293. 845 CE — Battle of ButeraBattle
  294. 846 CE — Sack of RomeInvasion
  295. 846 CE — Battle of LicosaNaval battle
  296. 846 CE — Siege of LentiniSiege
  297. 849 CE — Battle of OstiaBattle
  298. 859 CE — Siege of EnnaSiege
  299. 868 CE — Siege of SyracuseSiege
  300. 871–872 CE — Siege of SalernoSiege

Facts from Wikidata (CC0), HCED (CC0) and Cliopatria (CC BY 4.0); overview excerpted from Wikipedia (CC BY-SA 4.0).

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