State

Kingdom of Scotland

historic sovereign kingdom on the British Isles from the 9th century and up to 1707

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This boundary
843–1707 CE
Founded
843 CE
Ended
1707
Capital
Scone, Edinburgh
Government
monarchy
Languages
Scottish Gaelic, Scots, Latin
Succeeded by
Kingdom of Great BritainScotland

Overview

The Kingdom of Scotland was a sovereign state in northwest Europe, traditionally said to have been founded in 843. Its territories expanded and shrank, but it came to occupy the northern third of the island of Great Britain, sharing a land border to the south with the Kingdom of England. During the Middle Ages, Scotland engaged in intermittent conflict with England, most prominently the Wars of Scottish Independence, which saw the Scots maintain and assert their independence from the English. Following Scotland's annexation of the Hebrides and the Northern Isles from Norway in 1266 and 1472 respectively, and England's capture of Berwick in 1482, the territory of the Kingdom of Scotland corresponded to that of modern-day Scotland, bounded by the North Sea to the east, the Atlantic Ocean to the north and west, and the North Channel and Irish Sea to the southwest.

Excerpt from Wikipedia · CC BY-SA 4.0

All rulers (52)

  1. Kenneth MacAlpin843–858 CE
  2. Domnall mac Ailpín858–862 CE
  3. Causantín mac Cináeda862–877 CE
  4. Áed mac Cináeda877–878 CE
  5. Eochaid, son of Rhun878–889 CE
  6. Giric878–889 CE
  7. Donald II of Scotland889–900 CE
  8. Constantine II of Scotland900–943 CE
  9. Malcolm I of Scotland943–954 CE
  10. Indulf954–962 CE
  11. Dub962–967 CE
  12. Cuilén967–971 CE
  13. Kenneth II of Scotland971–995 CE
  14. Constantine III of Scotland995–997 CE
  15. Kenneth III of Scotland997–1005 CE
  16. Malcolm II of Scotland1005–1034
  17. Duncan I of Scotland1034–1040
  18. Macbeth1040–1057
  19. Macbeth1040–1057
  20. Lulach1057–1058
  21. Malcolm III of Scotland1058–1093
  22. Donald III of Scotland1093–1094
  23. Edmund of Scotland1094–1097
  24. Duncan II of Scotland1094
  25. Donald III of Scotland1094–1097
  26. Edgar1097–1107
  27. Alexander I of Scotland1107–1124
  28. David I of Scotland1124–1153
  29. Malcolm IV of Scotland1153–1165
  30. William the Lion1165–1214
  31. Alexander1214–1249
  32. Alexander III of Scotland1249–1286
  33. Margaret, Maid of Norway1286–1290
  34. John of Scotland1292–1296
  35. Robert I of Scotland1306–1329
  36. David II of Scotland1329–1371
  37. Edward Balliol1332–1336
  38. Robert II of Scotland1371–1390
  39. Robert III of Scotland1390–1406
  40. James I of Scotland1406–1437
  41. James II of Scotland1437–1460
  42. James III of Scotland1460–1488
  43. James IV of Scotland1488–1513
  44. James V of Scotland1513–1542
  45. Mary, Queen of Scots1542–1567
  46. James VI and I1587–1625
  47. Charles I of England1625–1649
  48. Charles II of England1660–1685
  49. James II of England1685–1688
  50. Mary II of England1689–1694
  51. William III of England1694–1702
  52. Anne of Great Britain1702–1707

Records (231)

  1. 844 CE — Battle of LogieBattle · Dalriada ▸ Pictland
  2. 875 CE — Battle of DollarBattle · Vikings ▸ Scotland
  3. 877 CE — Battle of InverdovatBattle · Scotland ▸ Vikings of Dublin, Danish Vikings
  4. 900 CE — Battle of DunnottarBattle · Vikings ▸ Scotland
  5. 961 CE — Battle of InvercullenBattle · Scotland ▸ Vikings
  6. 962 CE — Battle of BaudsBattle
  7. 965 CE — Battle of DuncrubBattle · Duff ▸ Cullen
  8. 980 CE — Battle of LuncartyBattle · Scotland ▸ Vikings
  9. 1006 — Siege of DurhamSiege
  10. 1009 — Battle of NairnBattle · Denmark ▸ Scotland
  11. 1010 — Battle of CarhamBattle
  12. 1010 — Battle of BarryBattle
  13. 1040 — Battle of ElginBattle · Macbeth, Denmark ▸ Duncan II
  14. 1054 — Battle of DunsinaneBattle · Malcolm, Earl Siward ▸ Macbeth
  15. 1057 — Battle of LumphananBattle
  16. 1058 — Battle of EssieBattle · Malcolm III ▸ Lulach the Simpleton
  17. 1093 — Battle of AlnwickBattle
  18. 1124–1153 — Davidian RevolutionRevolution
  19. 1130 — Battle of StracathroBattle
  20. 1138 — Battle of the StandardBattle
  21. 1138 — Battle of ClitheroeBattle
  22. 1164 — Battle of RenfrewBattle
  23. 1187 — Battle of Mam GarviaBattle
  24. 1212 — Treaty of DurhamTreaty
  25. 1245 — Battle of EmboBattle
  26. 1262–1266 — Scottish–Norwegian WarWar
  27. 1263 — Battle of LargsBattle
  28. 1294 — Battle of Red FordBattle
  29. 1296 — Battle of DunbarBattle
  30. 1296 — Capture of BerwickBattle
  31. 1297 — Battle of Stirling BridgeBattle
  32. 1297 — Action at LanarkBattle
  33. 1297 — Battle of StirlingBattle · Scotland ▸ England
  34. 1298 — Battle of FalkirkBattle
  35. 1299 — Battle of Bealach nam BroigBattle
  36. 1300 — English invasion of ScotlandInvasion
  37. 1303 — Battle of RoslinBattle
  38. 1304 — Action at HapprewBattle
  39. 1304 — Battle of HapprewBattle · England ▸ Scotland
  40. 1304 — Battle of StirlingBattle · England ▸ Scotland
  41. 1306 — Battle of MethvenBattle
  42. 1306 — Battle of DalrighBattle
  43. 1306 — Battle of DalryBattle · McDougall of Lorne ▸ Robert the Bruce
  44. 1306 — Battle of KirkincliffeBattle · England ▸ Scotland
  45. 1307 — Battle of Loudoun HillBattle
  46. 1307 — Battle of Glen TroolBattle
  47. 1307 — Battle of Loch RyanBattle
  48. 1307 — Battle of SliochBattle
  49. 1307 — Battle of TurnberryBattle
  50. 1307 — Battle of Loudon HillBattle · Scotland ▸ England
  51. 1308 — Battle of the Pass of BranderBattle
  52. 1308 — Battle of InverurieBattle
  53. 1308 — Battle of BranderBattle · Robert the Bruce ▸ McDougall of Lorne
  54. 1308 — Battle of CreeBattle · Scotland ▸ Galloway
  55. 1308 — Battle of DeeBattle · Scotland ▸ Galloway, Lordship of the Isles
  56. 1311–1313 — Siege of PerthSiege
  57. 1314 — Battle of BannockburnBattle
  58. 1314 — Battle of EdinburghBattle · Scotland ▸ England
  59. 1314 — Battle of RoxburghBattle · Scotland ▸ England
  60. 1315 — Battle of ConnorBattle
  61. 1316 — Battle of SkaithmuirBattle
  62. 1318 — Battle of FaughartBattle
  63. 1318 — Capture of BerwickBattle
  64. 1330 — Battle of DrumluiBattle
  65. 1332 — Battle of Dupplin MoorBattle
  66. 1332 — Battle of Wester KinghornBattle
  67. 1332 — Battle of AnnanBattle
  68. 1332 — Battle of DupplinBattle · Edward Balliol, Scottish Adventurers, English Adventurers ▸ Donald Earl of Mar
  69. 1333 — Battle of DornockBattle
  70. 1334 — Battle of DundargBattle · Supporters of King David II ▸ Supporters of John Balliol
  71. 1335 — Battle of CulbleanBattle
  72. 1335 — Battle of BoroughmuirBattle
  73. 1335 — Battle of KilblainBattle · Scottish Royalists ▸ Balliol Supporters
  74. 1336 — Battle of LochindorbBattle · England ▸ Scotland
  75. 1337 — Battle of CrichtonBattle
  76. 1339 — Siege of PerthSiege
  77. 1340 — Battle of BlairnacoiBattle
  78. 1357 — Treaty of BerwickTreaty
  79. 1370 — Battle of InvernahavonBattle · Clan Mackintosh, Clan McPherson, Clan Davidson ▸ Clan Cameron
  80. 1372 — Battle of DunsBattle
  81. 1378 — Battle of MelroseBattle
  82. 1385 — English invasion of ScotlandInvasion
  83. 1386 — Battle of InvernahavonBattle
  84. 1396 — Battle of the North InchBattle
  85. 1400 — English invasion of ScotlandInvasion
  86. 1400 — Battle of DrumnacoubBattle
  87. 1402 — Battle of Nesbit MoorBattle
  88. 1402 — Battle of DrumoakBattle
  89. 1403 — Battle of ShrewsburyBattle
  90. 1406 — Battle of Tuiteam TarbhachBattle
  91. 1411 — Battle of HarlawBattle
  92. 1421 — Battle of BaugéBattle
  93. 1426 — Battle of HarpsdaleBattle
  94. 1429 — Battle of LochaberBattle
  95. 1429 — Battle of Palm SundayBattle
  96. 1431 — Battle of InverlochyBattle
  97. 1436 — Battle of PiperdeanBattle
  98. 1436 — Battle of RoxburghBattle · England ▸ Scotland
  99. 1437 — Sandside ChaseBattle
  100. 1441 — Battle of Craig CaillocBattle
  101. 1446 — Battle of ArbroathBattle · Alexander Lindsay of Crawford ▸ Alexander Ogilvie of Inverquharty
  102. 1448 — Battle of SarkBattle
  103. 1452 — Battle of BrechinBattle · Scotland ▸ Earldom of Crawford
  104. 1453 — Battle of StrathfleetBattle · Earldom of Sutherland ▸ Lordship of the Isles
  105. 1454 — Battle of ClachnaharryBattle
  106. 1455 — Battle of ArkinholmBattle
  107. 1455 — Battle of AbercornBattle · Scotland ▸ Earl of Douglas
  108. 1460 — Capture of RoxburghSiege
  109. 1464 — Battle of TannachBattle
  110. 1470 — Battle of CorpachBattle
  111. 1478 — Battle of ChampionsBattle
  112. 1480 — Battle of Bloody BayNaval battle
  113. 1480 — Battle of Skibo and StrathfleetBattle
  114. 1480 — Battle of Blar Na PairceBattle
  115. 1484 — Battle of Lochmaben FairBattle
  116. 1484 — Battle of LochmabenBattle · Scotland ▸ England
  117. 1486 — Battle of TarbatBattle
  118. 1487 — Battle of Aldy CharrishBattle
  119. 1488 — Battle of SauchieburnBattle
  120. 1489 — Battle of the Firth of ForthNaval battle
  121. 1489 — Battle of GartalunaneBattle · Scottish Government ▸ Scottish Rebel Barons
  122. 1490 — Massacre of MonzievairdMassacre
  123. 1497 — Battle of DrumchattBattle
  124. 1499 — Battle of DaltullichBattle
  125. 1508–1516 — War of the League of CambraiWar
  126. 1511 — Battle of Knock MaryBattle
  127. 1513 — Battle of FloddenBattle
  128. 1513 — Battle of GlendaleBattle
  129. 1514 — Battle of HornsholeBattle
  130. 1517 — Battle of Torran DubhBattle
  131. 1520 — Cleanse the CausewayBattle
  132. 1522 — Battle of GlenboultachanBattle
  133. 1526 — Battle of Linlithgow BridgeBattle
  134. 1526 — Battle of MelroseBattle · Earl Archibald of Douglas ▸ Sir Walter Scott of Bucleuch
  135. 1529 — Battle of SummerdaleBattle
  136. 1542 — Battle of Haddon RigBattle
  137. 1542 — Battle of Alltan-BeathBattle
  138. 1542 — Battle of Hadden RigBattle · Scotland ▸ England
  139. 1544 — Battle of GlasgowBattle
  140. 1544 — Battle of the ShirtsBattle
  141. 1545 — Battle of Ancrum MoorBattle
  142. 1546–1547 — Siege of St Andrews CastleSiege
  143. 1547 — Battle of PinkieBattle
  144. 1548–1549 — Siege of HaddingtonSiege
  145. 1548 — Battle of DrumlanrigBattle
  146. 1558 — Battle of GrindonBattle
  147. 1559 — Treaty of Garlie BankTreaty
  148. 1560 — Siege of LeithSiege
  149. 1560 — Battle of GlasgowBattle
  150. 1562 — Battle of CorrichieBattle
  151. 1562 — Siege of InvernessSiege
  152. 1567 — Battle of Carberry HillBattle · Rebel Scottish Lords ▸ Scotland
  153. 1568–1648 — Eighty Years' WarWar
  154. 1568 — Battle of LangsideBattle
  155. 1568–1573 — Marian civil warWar
  156. 1570 — Battle of Bun GarbhainBattle
  157. 1571 — Battle of CraibstoneBattle
  158. 1571 — Battle of TillieangusBattle
  159. 1571 — Battle of CraibstaneBattle · Scotland ▸ Catholic Rebels
  160. 1571 — Battle of TillyangusBattle · Huntlys ▸ Clan Gordon
  161. 1578 — Battle of RijmenamBattle
  162. 1578 — Battle of the Spoiling DykeBattle
  163. 1579 — Battle of BorgerhoutBattle
  164. 1586 — Battle of LeckmelmBattle
  165. 1588 — Battle of Spanish ArmadaBattle · England ▸ Spain
  166. 1591 — Siege of HulstSiege
  167. 1593 — Battle of Dryfe SandsBattle
  168. 1594 — Battle of GlenlivetBattle
  169. 1597 — Battle of LogiebrideBattle
  170. 1598 — Battle of Traigh GhruinneartBattle
  171. 1600 — Battle of NieuwpoortBattle
  172. 1600 — Battle of BenbigrieBattle
  173. 1601 — Battle of Coire Na CreicheBattle
  174. 1602 — Battle of MorarBattle
  175. 1603 — Battle of Glen FruinBattle
  176. 1612 — Battle of KringenBattle
  177. 1625–1630 — Anglo-Spanish War of 1625–1630War
  178. 1639 — Battle of the Brig of DeeBattle
  179. 1639 — Battle of DeeBattle · Scottish Covenanters ▸ Scottish Royalists
  180. 1639 — Battle of Megray HillBattle · Covenanters ▸ Royalists
  181. 1640 — Battle of NewburnBattle
  182. 1644 — Battle of TippermuirBattle
  183. 1644 — Battle of AberdeenBattle
  184. 1644 — Battle of Boldon HillBattle
  185. 1644 — Battle of FyvieBattle · Scottish Royalists ▸ Scottish Covenanters
  186. 1644 — Battle of InverarayBattle · Clan McDonald ▸ Clan Campbell
  187. 1645 — Battle of InverlochyBattle
  188. 1645 — Battle of KilsythBattle
  189. 1645 — Battle of AuldearnBattle
  190. 1645 — Battle of AlfordBattle
  191. 1645 — Battle of PhiliphaughBattle
  192. 1645 — Battle of Annan MoorBattle
  193. 1646 — Battle of LagganmoreBattle
  194. 1646 — Battle of AberdeenBattle
  195. 1646 — Battle of InvernessBattle · Parliamentarians ▸ Royalists
  196. 1647 — Battle of DunavertyBattle
  197. 1647 — Battle of Rhunahaorine MossBattle
  198. 1648 — Battle of PrestonBattle
  199. 1648 — Battle of StirlingBattle
  200. 1648 — Battle of Mauchline MuirBattle
  201. 1648 — Scottish invasion of EnglandInvasion
  202. 1649 — Siege of InvernessSiege
  203. 1650 — Battle of DunbarBattle
  204. 1650 — Battle of CarbisdaleBattle
  205. 1650 — Battle of HietonBattle
  206. 1650 — Battle of CarbiesdaleBattle · Scottish Covenanters ▸ Scottish Royalists, Foreign Mercenaries
  207. 1651 — Battle of WorcesterBattle
  208. 1651 — Battle of InverkeithingBattle
  209. 1651 — Siege of DundeeSiege
  210. 1651 — Battle of Warrington BridgeBattle
  211. 1651 — Battle of Dundee, ScotlandBattle · Commonwealth of England ▸ Scottish Royalists
  212. 1652 — Battle of TullichBattle
  213. 1654 — Battle of DalnaspidalBattle
  214. 1665–1667 — Second Anglo-Dutch WarWar
  215. 1665 — Stand-off at the Fords of ArkaigBattle
  216. 1666 — Battle of Rullion GreenBattle
  217. 1666 — Battle of Pentland HillsBattle · Scotland ▸ Scottish Covenanters
  218. 1674 — Battle of Ronas VoeNaval battle
  219. 1679 — Battle of Bothwell BridgeBattle
  220. 1679 — Battle of DrumclogBattle
  221. 1680 — Battle of AltimarlachBattle
  222. 1688–1697 — Nine Years' WarWar
  223. 1688 — Battle of Maol RuadhBattle
  224. 1689–1691 — Williamite War in IrelandWar
  225. 1689 — Battle of KilliecrankieBattle
  226. 1689 — Battle of DunkeldBattle
  227. 1689 — Battle of Loup HillBattle
  228. 1690 — Battle of the BoyneBattle
  229. 1690 — Battle of CromdaleBattle
  230. 1692 — massacre of GlencoeMassacre
  231. 1706 — Treaty of UnionTreaty

Facts from Wikidata (CC0), HCED (CC0) and Cliopatria (CC BY 4.0); overview excerpted from Wikipedia (CC BY-SA 4.0).

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