State

Ayyubid dynasty

Islamic dynasty from 1171 to 1341

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This boundary
1171–1341
Founded
1171
Ended
1341
Capital
Cairo
Government
monarchy
Languages
Arabic
Religion
Sunni Islam
Preceded by
Fatimid Caliphate

Overview

The Ayyubid dynasty (Arabic: الأيوبيون, romanized: al-Ayyūbīyūn), also known as the Ayyubid Sultanate, was a Sunni Muslim dynasty of Kurdish origin that founded the medieval Sultanate of Egypt, which was established by Saladin in 1171, following his abolition of the Fatimid Caliphate. Saladin had originally served the Zengid ruler Nur al-Din, leading the latter's army against the Crusaders in Fatimid Egypt, where he was made vizier. Following the death of his Zengid suzerain Nur al-Din in 1174, Saladin was proclaimed as the first Sultan of Egypt by the Abbasid Caliphate, and rapidly expanded the new sultanate beyond Egypt to encompass most of Syria, in addition to Hejaz, Yemen, northern Nubia, Tripolitania and Upper Mesopotamia. Saladin's military campaigns set the general borders and sphere of influence of the sultanate of Egypt for the almost 350 years of its existence. Most of the Crusader states fell to Saladin after his victory at the Battle of Hattin in 1187, but the Crusaders reconquered the Syrian coastlands in the 1190s.

Excerpt from Wikipedia · CC BY-SA 4.0

All rulers (45)

  1. Saladin1169–1193
  2. Al-Aziz Uthman1193–1198
  3. Al-Mansur Nasir al-Din Muhammad1198–1200
  4. Al-Adil I1200–1217
  5. Al-Kamil1218–1238
  6. Al-Adil II1238–1240
  7. As-Salih Najm al-din Ayyub1240–1249
  8. Al-Muazzam Turanshah1249–1250
  9. Shajar al-Durr1250
  10. Aybak1250
  11. Al-Ashraf1250–1254
  12. Aybak1254–1257
  13. Al-Mansur Ali1257–1259
  14. Qutuz1259–1260
  15. Baibars1260–1277
  16. Al-Said Barakah1277–1279
  17. Qalawun1279–1290
  18. Solamish1279
  19. Al-Ashraf Khalil1290–1293
  20. Al-Nasir Muhammad1293–1294
  21. Al-Adil Kitbugha1294–1296
  22. Lajin1296–1299
  23. Al-Nasir Muhammad1299–1309
  24. Baibars II1308–1309
  25. Baibars II1309–1310
  26. Al-Nasir Muhammad1310–1341
  27. Kujuk1341–1342
  28. Saif ad-Din Abu-Bakr1341
  29. Shihab ad-Din Ahmad1342
  30. Al-Salih Ismail1342–1345
  31. Al-Kamil Shaban1345–1346
  32. Al-Mudhàffar Hajjí1346–1347
  33. An-Nàssir Hàssan1347–1351
  34. Al-Salih Salih1351–1354
  35. An-Nàssir Hàssan1355–1361
  36. al-Mansur Muhammad1361–1363
  37. Al-Ashraf Sha'ban1363–1377
  38. Al-Mansur Alà-ad-Din Alí1377–1381
  39. Al-Salih Hajji1381–1382
  40. Al-Salih Hajji1389–1390
  41. Nasir-ad-Din Faraj1399–1405
  42. Nasir-ad-Din Faraj1405–1412
  43. Al-Manszúr Abd al-Azíz1405
  44. Al-Musta'in1412
  45. Hamoud bin Mohammed Al Busaidi1896–1902

Records (13)

  1. 1218 — Battle of AdiliyaBattle · Kingdom of Jerusalem, European Crusaders ▸ Ayyubid Caliphate
  2. 1221 — Battle of Ashmoun CanalBattle · Ayyubid Egypt ▸ Crusaders
  3. 1229 — Siege of DamascusSiege
  4. 1230 — Battle of HamaBattle
  5. 1244 — Battle of ForbieBattle
  6. 1249 — Battle of Ashmoun CanalBattle · Ayyubid Egypt ▸ France
  7. 1249 — Battle of DamiettaBattle · Egypt ▸ France
  8. 1251 — Battle of al-KuraBattle
  9. 1259–1260 — Siege of MayyāfāriqīnSiege
  10. 1260 — Battle of Ain JalutBattle
  11. 1260 — Siege of AleppoSiege
  12. 1260 — Capture of DamascusSiege
  13. 1291 — Siege of AcreBattle

Facts from Wikidata (CC0), HCED (CC0) and Cliopatria (CC BY 4.0); overview excerpted from Wikipedia (CC BY-SA 4.0).

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